Potential for Conflict Index of management options at two New Hampshire beaches

The 18 miles of New Hampshire coastline is a popular destination among recreationists, attracting millions of visitors each year. Swimming, surfing and spending time on the beach are just a few of the many activities that take place on the coast. While swimming has been utilized as a recreational activity for thousands of years, surfing has just recently become an established activity in the last few centuries. Surfing\u27s popularity continues to grow around the world and particularly in New Hampshire and on the east coast. With increasing interest in these recreational activities at the beaches and the amount of resources staying the same, the potential for conflict between surfers and swimmers appears imminent. However, little research has been done on potential conflict between surfers and swimmers. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential for conflict between the two groups in relation to five proposed management options at two different state beaches. A 26-question quantitative survey was completed by 205 participants. Descriptive statistics and the Potential for Conflict Index were used as the primary methods of statistical analysis. The results indicated there was more out-group potential conflict between surfers and swimmers than between other user groups, there was more potential conflict between out-group users than within their own groups, and surfers had the most in-group potential conflict overall. In addition, the study showed that overall beach condition evaluations were good, and that overall all groups found the proposed changes in beach management to be unacceptable

Rozwój na granicy normy i patologii. Studium przypadku trzyletniego chłopca z wadą wzroku

Development on the edge of normality and pathology. Case-study of a three-year-old boy with visual impairment The aim of the work is to present a clinical study of a development path using the theoretical model of developmental pathways (Pickles, Hill, 2006). The subject of the study, a three-year-old boy, came into the world through complicated labor which ended in cesarean section. He displayed characteristics of insecure-avoidant attachment. Moreover, he had a visual defect. The study describes the crisis at the beginning of preschool education. Adaptive irregularities arising from these burdens, but also the lack of competence and support from the preschool staffmeant that the boy began to show features of mental disorders functioning. At this time independent specialists diagnosed mental retardation and attention defi cit with hyperactivity disorder. Through correcting the vision problems, working on the relationship, changing the preschool facility and introducing cognitive-behavioral techniques the abnormal development of the boy returned onto the correct track. The aim of the work is to show the path of corruption in the development of mental disorder in the three-year-old boy. The developmental pathways approach takes into account the role of a wide range of internal factors (biological, social and psychological) as well as external ones – environmental and those concerning the effect of time and place, both in the development of pathology, and in turning to pathology as a way to return to normal developmen

Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal lumbar sympathectomy and its clinical use

Percutaneous radiofrequency thermolesion techniques are commonly used in the treatment of chronic pain in different pain syndromes. There are many reports describing techniques of percutaneous radiofrequency thermolesion for denervation of central & spinal nerves (Mullan 1963), 1965, 1971; Rosomoff, 1966, Sweet 1974, Uematsu, 1974). Apart from the report by Pernak (1985) no other clinical studies concerning the use of the radiofrequency electrocoagulation technique for denervation of sympathetic nerves have been reported in the literature. For sympathetic denervation, neurolytic agents or surgical sympathectomy are still commonly performed and these techniques may provide prolonged pain relief (Swerdlow, 1978). Poor results occur when technical difficulties result in an incomplete sympathectomy. Neurolytic sympathectomy, using phenol or alcohol, offers the advantage of short hospitalisation and avoids the risk of surgery and need for anesthesia. Nevertheless, following both surgical and chemical sympathectomy the possibility of complications is always present (Swerdlow, 1978; Rutherford, 1977). Taking this into consideration, we have performed and developed the technique of radiofrequency thermal sympathectomy from 1982 to date. The first presentation of this technique took place at the 1st International Symposium 'The Pain Clinic' (Delft, 1984) and is described in the Proceedings of that symposium (Pernak and v.d. Berg, 1985). Slight modifications to this technique have since been made which will be outlined in this report. Knowledge of the course of the sympathetic innervation provided the idea to perform thermal radiofrequency sympathectomy at the 4th lumbar level only. However, in different pain syndromes radiofrequency sympathectomy can be performed at every level of the spine. Thermal sympathectomy can be used in those pain syndromes where hyperactivity of the sympathetic nerves is obvious. To date, more than 500 percutaneous radiofrequency thermal sympathectomies have been performed in patients with varying pain syndromes. In this study, 210 patients with different pain syndromes were selected and one criterion for selection was that all patients had obvious sympathetic hyperactivity. Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal lumbar sympathectomy (PRTLS) was performed in all these patients. This technique is described and its clinical use in the combined pain treatment of these patients in the Pain Clinic of the Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis in Delft during the period 1983-1986 is discussed. The results and conclusions are presented

Solvent-free ionic liquids as in situ probes for assessing the effect of ion size on the performance of electrical double layer capacitors

The authors thank Norit for kindly supplying the activated carbon adsorbent. COA thanks MEC, Spain, for the financial support (EX2004-0612). Poznań University of Technology is also acknowledged (Project DS 32/007/2005). The help of Dr. Parra with the Modelling Software and of Dr. Khomenko in the conductivity measurements is acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Experimental Investigation of Transient Flow Phenomena in Rotating Compressor Cavities

The clearance of compressor blade tips during aero-engine accelerations is an important design issue for next-generation engine architectures. The transient clearance depends on the radial expansion of the compressor discs, which is directly coupled to conjugate heat transfer in co-rotating discs governed by unsteady and unstable buoyancy-induced flow. This paper discusses an experimental and modelling study using the Bath Compressor Cavity Rig, which simulates a generic axial compressor at fluiddynamically scaled conditions. The rig was specifically designed to generate heat transfer of practical interest to the engine designer and validate computational codes. This work presents the first study of the fundamental fluid dynamic and heat transfer phenomena under transient conditions. The rotating flow structure was seen to be characterised by coherent pairs of cyclonic/anticyclonic vortex pairs; the strength, rotational frequency, stability and number of these unsteady structures changed with changing rotational Reynolds and Grashof numbers during the transients. These structures, measured by unsteady pressure transducers in the rotating frame of reference, were only present when the flow in the rotating cavity was dominated by buoyancy. Experimental correlations of both Nusselt number and radial mass flow rate in the rotating core were correlated against Grashof number. Remarkably, the experiments revealed a consistent correlation for both steady-state and transient conditions over a wide range of Gr. The results have a practical application to thermo-mechanical models for engine design

(E)-2-[4-(Dimethyl­amino)­styr­yl]-1-methyl­pyridinium 4-methyl­benzene­sulfonate monohydrate1

The cation of the title compound, C16H19N2 +·C7H7O3S−·H2O, exists in the E configuration with respect to the C=C double bond and is essentially planar, the dihedral angle between the pyridinium and benzene rings being 3.55 (13)°. In the crystal, π-conjugated planes of cations and anions are inclined to each other at 84.30 (11)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O inter­actions, which link the cations, anions and water mol­ecules into chains along the b axis. These chains are stacked along the a axis by π–π inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6032 (16) and 3.6462 (16) Å