Botulinum toxin for cervical dystonia: addressing treatment failure and improving outcomes

Introduction. Cervical dystonia is a form of focal dystonia characterised by tilting and turning of the head and neck. This can cause significant disability in affected patients. Botulinum toxin injections are the mainstay of therapy. However, approximately 30% of patients discontinue treatment.Clinical reflections. Tyślerowicz et al. have provided a comprehensive review of the factors contributing to treatment failure. Such factors include appropriate identification of dystonia patterns, accurate injection of muscles, and addressing non-motor features of cervical dystonia.Clinical implications. A systematic approach is needed to identify and address the potentially modifiable factors that contributeto treatment failure

The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981.

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A model of deliberative and aggregative democracy

We present a model of collective decision making in which aggregation and deliberation are treated simultaneously. In our model, individuals debate in a public forum and potentially revise their judgements in light of deliberation. Once this process is exhausted, a rule is applied to aggregate post-deliberation judgements in order to make a social choice. Restricting attention to three alternatives, we identify conditions under which a democracy is “truth-revealing”. This condition says that the deliberation path and the aggregation rule always lead to the correct social choice being made, irrespective of the original profile of judgements and irrespective of the size of the electorate (provided the latter is finite)

The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981.

12 p

Radiation therapy alone versus radiation therapy plus radiofrequency ablation/vertebral augmentation for spine metastasis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Spine metastasis is a common occurrence in cancer patients and results in pain, neurologic deficits, decline in performance status, disability, inferior quality of life (QOL), and reduction in ability to receive cancer-directed therapies. Conventional external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is associated with modest rates of pain relief, high rates of disease recurrence, low response rates for those with radioresistant histologies, and limited improvement in neurologic deficits. The addition of radiofrequency ablation/percutaneous vertebral augmentation (RFA/PVA) to index sites together with EBRT may improve pain response rates and corresponding quality of life. Methods/design: This is a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial in patients with spine metastasis from T5-L5, stratified according to tumor type (radioresistant vs. radiosensitive) in which patients in each stratum will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either RFA/PVA and EBRT or EBRT alone. All patients will be treated with EBRT to a dose of 20-30 Gy in 5-10 fractions. The target parameters will be measured and recorded at the baseline clinic visit, and daily at home with collection of weekly measurements at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment, and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months following treatment with imaging and QOL assessments. Discussion: The primary objective of this randomized trial is to determine whether RFA/PVA in addition to EBRT improves pain control compared to palliative EBRT alone for patients with spine metastasis, defined as complete or partial pain relief (measured using the Numerical Rating Pain Scale [NRPS]) at 3 months. Secondary objectives include determining whether combined modality treatment improves the rapidity of pain response, duration of pain response, patient reported pain impact, health utility, and overall QOL. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04375891 . Registered on 5 May 2020. Keywords: Bone metastasis; Radiation therapy; Radiofrequency ablation; Randomized controlled trial; Spine; Vertebrae; Vertebral augmentation

2004-2005 A Concert of Vocal Music

https://spiral.lynn.edu/conservatory_otherseasonalconcerts/1047/thumbnail.jp

Posterior Parietal Cortex Dependent Contextual Renewal of Conditioned Positive and Negative Associations

Conor Ollendike ’26, Major: Psychology, neuroscience certificate Ashley Sawtelle ’26, Major: Psychology Yamilet Nieves ’26, Major: Neuroscience, Minor: Women and Gender Studies Rachael Layden ’23, Major: Psychology Christopher Walsh ’23, Majors: Biology and Psychology, neuroscience certificate Jose Pena ’25, Major: Neuroscience, Minor: Physics Shelby Bawden ’23, Majors: Biology and Psychology, neuroscience certificate Faculty Mentor: Dr. Victoria Templer, Psychology Recent work suggests the Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC) is necessary for the renewal of an extinguished conditioned fear response in a novel (ABA), but not a familiar (ABC) context (in ABA/C, slot 1 refers to acquisition; 2- extinction, 3 –renewal). We investigated whether such context-dependent renewal generalizes to positive conditioned stimuli in sham operated control rats and a small cohort of Designer Receptor Activated Only by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) PPC rats after delivery of CNO to inactivate PPC. Control rats renewed positive (light-food) and negative associations (tone-shock) regardless of the renewal context, replicating context dependent renewal in rodents found in previous literature. The positive condition conferred a significantly higher magnitude of renewal compared to the negative condition. When the PPC was deactivated, rats did not renew in both the positive and negative ABC condition but did in the ABA condition. However, when the PPC was active in both the ABC and ABA conditions all subjects renewed both positive and negative associations, matching the sham operated controls. These results suggest the PPC plays a crucial role in renewal of a context dependent conditioned fear response as well as a context dependent conditioned positive response

Financial Record-Keeping Software Review.

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For Those Who Grew Too Fast

This volume welcomes you amid multiple global epidemics. It welcomes you home, hoping that these words provide visibility, comfort, introspection, and roadmap for pushing boundaries. We know we are tired, we know we are facing uncertainty at every turn, and we know that connection is wearing thin. This collection of words serves as an “I see you,” as an “I am with you,” as an “I love you.” These pieces came together toward end of the Spring 2020, when a group of first-year and transfer students came together to speak their existence. They bring memories and a reminder that together we can construct a culture that builds upon our truth and possibility. Education can be an epicenter of civic imagination, innovative directions in service justice, and above all, radical love. This volume is a testament to this. Welcome to First-Gen Voices Volume Nine: For Those Who Grew Too Fast

DU Undergraduate Showcase: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Works

DU Undergraduate Showcase: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Work