Medical clearance certificate for Ruth Hooper

This medical clearance certificate for Ruth Hooper is dated March 23, 1945, over a month after the Santo Tomas Internment Camp was liberated by American forces on February 3, 1945. Ruth and her husband Carr were interned at the camp in Manila, Philippines from January 1942 to February 1945. The camp, also known as the Manila Internment Camp, was run by the Japanese military during World War II and housed over 3,000 internees from January 1942 until February 1945.World War I

Learning and Change in 20th-Century British Economic Policy

Despite considerable interest in the means by which policy learning occurs, and in how it is that the framework of policy may be subject to radical change, the “black box” of economic policy making remains surprisingly murky. This article utilizes Peter Hall’s concept of “social learning” to develop a more sophisticated model of policy learning; one in which paradigm failure does not necessarily lead to wholesale paradigm replacement, and in which an administrative battle of ideas may be just as important a determinant of paradigm change as a political struggle. It then applies this model in a survey of U.K. economic policy making since the 1930s: examining the shift to “Keynesianism” during the 1930s and 1940s; the substantial revision of this framework in the 1960s; the collapse of the“Keynesian-plus” framework in the 1970s; and the major revisions to the new “neoliberal” policy framework in the 1980s and 1990s

Living with Long-Term Pain after a Stroke

The general aim of this thesis was to classify and describe long-term pain two years after a stroke and to describe the experiences of pain, and the consequences it has on the persons’ lives. The studies were conducted from a multidimensional perspective on pain, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Three types of long-term pain were classified and described among the 43 participants included, aged 33-82 years. These were central post-stroke pain, nociceptive, mainly shoulder pain, and tension-type headache. Pain onset, within one to six months in most of the cases was after discharge from the hospital. Continuous pain or pain almost every day was reported by nearly two-thirds. The pain was mostly described as troublesome, annoying and tiring in all pain groups. The rating of pain intensity revealed individual differences among the participants within the pain groups. In addition to long-term pain, the participants suffered several impairments and nearly half of them were dependent on others, and two-thirds on assistive devices. Several coping strategies were described, most often problem-focused. Their health-related quality of life was decreased, mostly related to their long-term pain and physical impairments. Their experiences of caring revealed the need of improvements in knowledge about longterm pain, attention and understanding among the professionals, and continuity in the contacts.On the day of the public defence the status of article III was: Accepted for publication and the status of article IV was: In press.</p