The activity of protest movements in 1956-1977 in Denmark and Sweden

Bachelor thesis "The Activity of Protest Movements in 1956-1977 in Denmark and Sweden" deals with the activities of social movements that originated in the territory of Denmark and Sweden in connection with the Western wave of protest activism and the overall radicalization of youth in the 1960s and the 1970s. It was especially a movement against nuclear weapons and the war in Vietnam and the student revolt of 1968. The paper analyzes the circumstances, the protest actions and subsequent consequences of activity of these movements in both countries and its objective is a complex comparison of the Danish and the Swedish cases. This comparison subsequently highlights the differences between the protest movements of Denmark and Sweden in various aspects, which are described in the text. One of them is the development of left-wing movement after 1956 and the emergence of new intellectual currents that influenced the direction of the protest movements. Other parts are devoted to the course and the extent of demonstrations of particular movements and their content, goals and expressions, for example through alternative culture. The thesis also provides the characteristics of the socio-political situation in Denmark and Sweden in the given period, which imply the specifics of the development of protest..

Representative absorbance spectra of AMB-PEG 2 and unconjugated AMB formulations prepared in buffers with varying hydrophobicity.

<p>20 mM AMB-PEG 2 and unconjugated AMB formulations were prepared in DMSO and resuspended in 20% and 48% ACN buffers containing 4.3% acetic acid, as well as PBS-EDTA, to a final concentration of 2 mM AMB. As buffer hydrophobicity increases with higher ACN concentrations, the A₃₄₈/A₄₀₉ ratio decreases, implying that AMB-PEG is increasingly in its monomeric form. As AMB-PEG 1 and 2 have similar UV-visible absorption profiles, with identical peak height ratios in all buffers tested, data for AMB-PEG 1 is not shown. AMB-PEG formulations that have been subjected to buffer exchange to PBS-EDTA through a 10 kDa centrifugal filter have the same UV-visible absorption spectra as the initial formulation of AMB-PEG in PBS-EDTA, which contains 10% DMSO.</p

MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of the AMB-PEG fraction from RPC.

<p>The major mass peaks observed had masses corresponding to that of the AMB-PEG conjugate, thereby verifying the identity of that peak fraction. AMB-PEG mass peaks were absent from the collected unconjugated AMB fraction.</p

MIC₅₀ (μM) of various fungal species.

<p>MIC₅₀ (μM) of various fungal species.</p

LIVE/DEAD staining of HEK293 and IMR-90 cells after exposure to AMB-PEG 1, 2 and unconjugated AMB for 24 hours.

<p>Live cells are stained green and dead cells stained red. AMB-PEG did not cause cell death at concentrations of 139 μM in HEK293 cells and 277 μM in IMR-90 cells. The molar ratio of AMB to PEG did not have any visible effect on cell toxicity. Conversely, unconjugated AMB caused extensive cell death at concentrations above 4.33 μM in both cell lines. Experiment was performed twice, each time with three independently prepared AMB-PEG formulations.</p

Template-Stripped Truncated Nanoscale Pyramid Arrays for Refractive Index Sensing

Subwavelength optical confinement in nanophotonics is promising for enhancing light-matter interactions, nanolasering, biosensing, etc. However, it is nontrivial to achieve a high-performance refractive index (RI) sensor because of the high internal optical loss and radiative damping in the metallic nanostructures. Here, we theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated truncated nanoscale pyramid arrays to construct high-performance RI sensors based on the template-stripped approach. The root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness reached a low value of 0.31 nm to reduce its surface scattering. Arising from the coupling of Fabry–Pérot (FP) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP), an experimental resonance with a linewidth as low as 14 nm and a sensitivity of 829 nm/RIU is demonstrated. By increasing the size of truncated nanopyramids, a figure of merit (FOM) of 80.3 and linewidth down to 9 nm in refractive index sensing are also achieved. A truncated-pyramid-based RI sensor presents superiority between sensitivity and/or FOM experimentally compared with many other RI sensors. The results suggest that our proposed design is a promising platform for the applications of biomedical sensing, optical components, environmental monitoring, and so on

What’s the Key Factor to Ensure the Photoactivity Enhancement of Fe₂O₃ Films with Ni(OH)₂ Loading: Clues from a Structural Modification with Flagella Nanowires

A much higher photoactivity enhancement of Fe₂O₃ photoanode films was achieved by loading flagella-nanowire-modified Ni­(OH)₂ than by loading pure Ni­(OH)₂. Cyclic voltammetry curves and coupled <i>i</i>–<i>t</i>/potential step chronoamperometry measurements under super band gap irradiation revealed a much heavier hole accumulation in a pure Ni­(OH)₂ layer. Electrochemical impedance and coupled <i>i</i>–<i>t</i>/open circuit potential transient measurements were applied to explore the dynamics of hole transfer through the Fe₂O₃|Ni­(OH)₂|electrolyte multiple interface systems, finding that the structural modification of Ni­(OH)₂ with flagella nanowires can speed up the charge transfer at both the Fe₂O₃|Ni­(OH)₂ and Ni­(OH)₂|electrolyte interfaces. Based on a recent discovery that the ion-permeable Ni­(OH)₂ electrocatalyst acts as a surface-attached redox system, a theoretical model was proposed to explain the influence of hole accumulation in Ni­(OH)₂ layer on the photoactivity of Fe₂O₃ films. The outcome of this work implies that the key factor guaranteeing the enhancement effect is that hole transfer rate at the Ni­(OH)₂|electrolyte interface should be higher than that at the Fe₂O₃|Ni­(OH)₂ interface