Examination of Dietary Patterns and FODMAPs Intake in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background: There is growing evidence that supports the efficacy of a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) for symptom management in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Utilizing a food frequency questionnaire (FFQs) to determine current dietary practices of those with and without IBS allows the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) to understand usual dietary intake as it related to FODMAP ingestion. Objective: To identify the average lactose, fructose, and polyol intake in people with and without IBS to gauge if there are differences in usual dietary intake. Methods: VioScreenTM, a web-based FFQ, was offered to all patients in the outpatient Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (GHN) clinic at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center to assess dietary patterns and lactose, fructose, and polyols intake. Those that completed the FFQ were stratified into those with and without IBS. Demographic data and health variables including age (yr), weight (kg), and BMI (kg/m2) were collected as part of the electronic FFQ. Results: Participants (N=140) were included in this study. Mean age was 43.0 ± 15.5 years with an average BMI of 28.2 ± 7.4 kg/m2. Those with IBS (n=24) were of similar age as those without IBS (41.9 ± 17.1 years vs 43.3 ± 15.2 years, respectively). No difference in the average fructose (36 g ± 38 vs 25 g ± 34; P = 0.156), lactose (14 g ± 10 vs 12 g ± 14; P = 0.655) and polyols (1 g ± 0.5 vs 1 g ± 0.6; P = 0.260) was detected between those with and without IBS. Conclusion: Patients with IBS do not consume significantly less fructose, lactose, and polyols compared to patients without IBS. Data suggests high- FODMAPs foods can trigger or worsen IBS symptoms. RDNs should evaluate the dietary patterns before the education of low-FODMAPs to ensure the education is targeting patient-specific high FODMAPs foods or potential trigger foods.Funding for this project supported by CTSA grant number (UL1TR002733)No embargoAcademic Major: Medical Dietetic

Examination of Dietary Patterns and FODMAPs Intake in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Innovations in Healthcare (The Ohio State University Denman Undergraduate Research Forum)Background: Utilizing a food frequency questionnaire (FFQs) to determine current dietary practices of those with and without IBS allows the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) to understand usual dietary intake as it related to FODMAP ingestion. Objective: To identify the average lactose, fructose, and polyol intake in people with and without IBS to gauge if there are differences in usual dietary intake. Methods: VioScreen™, a web-based FFQ, was offered to all patients attend a gastrointestinal outpatient clinic at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center to assess dietary patterns and lactose, fructose, and polyols intake. Those that completed the FFQ were stratified into those with and without IBS. Results: Participants (N=140) were included in this study. Mean age was 43.0 ± 15.5 years with an average BMI of 28.2 ± 7.4 kg/m2. No difference in the average fructose (36 g ± 38 vs 25 g ± 34; P = 0.156), lactose (14 g ± 10 vs 12 g ± 14; P = 0.655) and polyols (1 g ± 0.5 vs 1 g ± 0.6; P = 0.260) was detected between those with and without IBS. Conclusion: Patients with IBS do not consume significantly less fructose, lactose, and polyols compared to patients without IBS. Data suggests high-FODMAPs foods can trigger IBS symptoms. RDNs should evaluate the dietary patterns before the education of low-FODMAPs to ensure the education is targeting patient-specific high FODMAPs foods.Funding for this project supported by CTSA grant number (UL1TR002733)No embargoAcademic Major: Medical Dietetic

Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Carbons: Applications as Solid‐Base Catalyst and Support for Pd Nanoparticles in Tandem Catalysis

The facile pyrolysis of a bipyridyl metal‐organic framework, MOF‐253, produces N‐doped porous carbons (Cz‐MOF‐253), which exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction and outperform other nitrogen‐containing MOF‐derived carbons. More importantly, by virtue of their high Lewis basicity and porous nature, Cz‐MOF‐253‐supported Pd nanoparticles (Pd/Cz‐MOF‐253‐800) show excellent performance in a one‐pot sequential Knoevenagel condensation‐hydrogenation reaction

In vitro expression and analysis of the 826 human G protein-coupled receptors

ABSTRACT G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in all human physiological systems where they are responsible for transducing extracellular signals into cells. GPCRs signal in response to a diverse array of stimuli including light, hormones, and lipids, where these signals affect downstream cascades to impact both health and disease states. Yet, despite their importance as therapeutic targets, detailed molecular structures of only 30 GPCRs have been determined to date. A key challenge to their structure determination is adequate protein expression. Here we report the quantification of protein expression in an insect cell expression system for all 826 human GPCRs using two different fusion constructs. Expression characteristics are analyzed in aggregate and among each of the five distinct subfamilies. These data can be used to identify trends related to GPCR expression between different fusion constructs and between different GPCR families, and to prioritize lead candidates for future structure determination feasibility

Facile Fabrication of Hierarchical MOF–Metal Nanoparticle Tandem Catalysts for the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules

Multifunctional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that possess permanent porosity are promising catalysts in organic transformation. Herein, we report the construction of a hierarchical MOF functionalized with basic aliphatic amine groups and polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). The postsynthetic covalent modification of organic ligands increases basic site density in the MOF and simultaneously introduces mesopores to create a hierarchically porous structure. The multifunctional MOF is capable of catalyzing a sequential Knoevenagel condensation–hydrogenation–intramolecular cyclization reaction. The unique selective reduction of the nitro group to intermediate hydroxylamine by Pt NPs supported on MOF followed by intramolecular cyclization with a cyano group affords an excellent yield (up to 92%) to the uncommon quinoline N-oxides over quinolines. The hierarchical MOF and polyvinylpyrrolidone capping agent on Pt NPs synergistically facilitate the enrichment of substrates and thus lead to high activity in the reduction–intramolecular cyclization reaction. The bioactivity assay indicates that the synthesized quinoline N-oxides evidently inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of MOF-catalyzed direct synthesis of bioactive molecules from readily available compounds under mild conditions

Threat categories of Vatica mangachapoi should be reassessed

IntroductionAsian tropical rainforests have the highest rates of degradation in the world. Consequently, a large decline in Chinese Vatica mangachapoi (a keystone species) had led to its listing in the category of “vulnerable” species by IUCN. However, its current status after decades of conservation efforts remains unknown.MethodsHere, we evaluate the current status of Chinese V. mangachapoi.Results and DiscussionWe found that its population is now dispersed in 14 protected areas, the largest being a coastal forest that contains 96.84% of all the Chinese V. mangachapoi. Compared to their historic records, the age of this forest was estimated at ≤ 70 years. The mono-culturing of V. mangachapoi in this forest, since 1960, has replaced all the older trees, resulting in its extremely high (91%) relative abundance, and an extensively low (only 44) tree species richness. Further, these V. mangachapoi trees now suffer from vine strangulations and severe Amauroderma perplexum infections: 18.5% of V. mangachapoi have died and 75% are at a high risk, thereby creating a threat of its extinction. Although, the other 13 protected areas have a higher tree species richness (152–451), a lower (6.1–25%) relative abundance of V. mangachapoi, and they neither suffer from vine strangulation or disease infections, they contribute to only 3.16% of total Chinese population of this species. Therefore, an immediate revision of threat status of this species in IUCN, from vulnerable to endangered, is warranted. Further, a change in planting patterns, from monocultures to mix-plantations of native species, is needed to promote biodiversity and restrict other biotic challenges so that this species is not extinct

Effects of Tea Polyphenol and Its Combination with Other Antioxidants Added during the Extraction Process on Oxidative Stability of Antarctic Krill <i>(Euphausia superba)</i> Oil

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) oil contains high levels of marine omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In industrial production, krill oil is usually extracted from krill meals by using ethanol as a solvent. Water in the krill meal can be easily extracted by using ethanol as an extraction solvent. During the extraction process, the EPA and DHA are more easily oxidized and degraded when water exists in the ethanol extract of krill oil. Based on the analysis of peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), fatty acid composition, and lipid class composition, the present study indicated that the composite antioxidants (TP-TPP) consist of tea polyphenol (TP) and tea polyphenol palmitate (TPP) had an excellent antioxidant effect. By contrast, adding TP-TPP into ethanol solvent during the extraction process is more effective than adding TP-TPP into krill oil after the extraction process

Interfacial Activity of Starch-Based Nanoparticles at the Oil–Water Interface

Understanding the interfacial activity of polysaccharide nanoparticles adsorbed at oil–water interfaces is essential and important for the application of these nanoparticles as Pickering stabilizers. The interfacial properties of starch-based nanospheres (SNPs) at the interface of an <i>n</i>-hexane–water system were investigated by monitoring the interfacial tension at different bulk concentrations. The three-phase contact angle (θ) and the adsorption energy (Δ<i>E</i>) increased with increasing size and degree of substitution with octenyl succinic groups (OSA) in the particles. Compared with the OSA-modified starch (OSA-S) macromolecule, the SNPs effectively reduced the interfacial tension of the <i>n</i>-hexane–water system at a relatively higher concentration. These results and the method reported herein are useful for selecting and preparing polysaccharide nanoparticles as Pickering stabilizers for oil–water emulsions

Facile Fabrication of Hierarchical MOF–Metal Nanoparticle Tandem Catalysts for the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules

Multifunctional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that possess permanent porosity are promising catalysts in organic transformation. Herein, we report the construction of a hierarchical MOF functionalized with basic aliphatic amine groups and polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). The postsynthetic covalent modification of organic ligands increases basic site density in the MOF and simultaneously introduces mesopores to create a hierarchically porous structure. The multifunctional MOF is capable of catalyzing a sequential Knoevenagel condensation–hydrogenation–intramolecular cyclization reaction. The unique selective reduction of the nitro group to intermediate hydroxylamine by Pt NPs supported on MOF followed by intramolecular cyclization with a cyano group affords an excellent yield (up to 92%) to the uncommon quinoline N-oxides over quinolines. The hierarchical MOF and polyvinylpyrrolidone capping agent on Pt NPs synergistically facilitate the enrichment of substrates and thus lead to high activity in the reduction–intramolecular cyclization reaction. The bioactivity assay indicates that the synthesized quinoline N-oxides evidently inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of MOF-catalyzed direct synthesis of bioactive molecules from readily available compounds under mild conditions.</p

Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Carbons: Applications as Solid‐Base Catalyst and Support for Pd Nanoparticles in Tandem Catalysis

The facile pyrolysis of a bipyridyl metal‐organic framework, MOF‐253, produces N‐doped porous carbons (Cz‐MOF‐253), which exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction and outperform other nitrogen‐containing MOF‐derived carbons. More importantly, by virtue of their high Lewis basicity and porous nature, Cz‐MOF‐253‐supported Pd nanoparticles (Pd/Cz‐MOF‐253‐800) show excellent performance in a one‐pot sequential Knoevenagel condensation‐hydrogenation reaction.This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: Li, Xinle, Biying Zhang, Yuhui Fang, Weijun Sun, Zhiyuan Qi, Yuchen Pei, Shuyan Qi et al. "Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Carbons: Applications as Solid‐Base Catalyst and Support for Pd Nanoparticles in Tandem Catalysis." Chemistry-A European Journal 23, no. 18 (2017): 4266-4270, which has been published in final form at doi: 10.1002/chem.201605852. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Posted with permission.</p