16,814 research outputs found
Role of Landau-Rabi quantization of electron motion on the crust of magnetars within the nuclear energy density functional theory
Magnetic fields of order G have been measured at the surface of
some neutron stars, and much stronger magnetic fields are expected to be
present in the solid region beneath the surface. The effects of the magnetic
field on the equation of state and on the composition of the crust due to
Landau-Rabi quantization of electron motion are studied. Both the outer and
inner crustal regions are described in a unified and consistent way within the
nuclear-energy density functional theory.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figure
Targeting tumor multicellular aggregation through IGPR-1 inhibits colon cancer growth and improves chemotherapy
Adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucially important for survival of normal epithelial cells as detachment from ECM triggers specific apoptosis known as anoikis. As tumor cells lose the requirement for anchorage to ECM, they rely on cell-cell adhesion 'multicellular aggregation' for survival. Multicellular aggregation of tumor cells also significantly determines the sensitivity of tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutics. In this report, we demonstrate that expression of immunoglobulin containing and proline-rich receptor-1 (IGPR-1) is upregulated in human primary colon cancer. Our study demonstrates that IGPR-1 promotes tumor multicellular aggregation, and interfering with its adhesive function inhibits multicellular aggregation and, increases cell death. IGPR-1 supports colon carcinoma tumor xenograft growth in mouse, and inhibiting its activity by shRNA or blocking antibody inhibits tumor growth. More importantly, IGPR-1 regulates sensitivity of tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin/adriamycin by a mechanism that involves doxorubicin-induced AKT activation and phosphorylation of IGPR-1 at Ser220. Our findings offer novel insight into IGPR-1's role in colorectal tumor growth, tumor chemosensitivity, and as a possible novel anti-cancer target.Grant support from: R01 CA175382/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States, R21 CA191970/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States, and R21 CA193958/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United State
Learning Incoherent Subspaces: Classification via Incoherent Dictionary Learning
In this article we present the supervised iterative projections and rotations (s-ipr) algorithm, a method for learning discriminative incoherent subspaces from data. We derive s-ipr as a supervised extension of our previously proposed iterative projections and rotations (ipr) algorithm for incoherent dictionary learning, and we employ it to learn incoherent sub-spaces that model signals belonging to different classes. We test our method as a feature transform for supervised classification, first by visualising transformed features from a synthetic dataset and from the âirisâ dataset, then by using the resulting features in a classification experiment
Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass formulas. III: Role of particle-number projection
Starting from HFB-6, we have constructed a new mass table, referred to as
HFB-8, including all the 9200 nuclei lying between the two drip lines over the
range of Z and N > 6 and Z < 122. It differs from HFB-6 in that the wave
function is projected on the exact particle number. Like HFB-6, the isoscalar
effective mass is constrained to the value 0.80 M and the pairing is density
independent. The rms errors of the mass-data fit is 0.635 MeV, i.e. better than
almost all our previous HFB mass formulas. The extrapolations of this new mass
formula out to the drip lines do not differ significantly from the previous
HFB-6 mass formula.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Space Weathering on Icy Satellites in the Outer Solar System
Space weathering produces well-known optical effects in silicate minerals in the inner Solar System, for example, on the Moon. Space weathering from solar wind and UV (ultraviolet radiation) is expected to be significantly weaker in the outer Solar System simply because intensities are low. However, cosmic rays and micrometeoroid bombardment would be similar to first order. That, combined with the much higher volatility of icy surfaces means there is the potential for space weathering on icy outer Solar System surfaces to show optical effects. The Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn is providing evidence for space weathering on icy bodies. The Cassini Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument has spatially mapped satellite surfaces and the rings from 0.35-5 microns and the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) instrument from 0.1 to 0.2 microns. These data have sampled a complex mixing space between H2O ice and non-ice components and they show some common spectral properties. Similarly, spectra of the icy Galilean satellites and satellites in the Uranian system have some commonality in spectral properties with those in the Saturn system. The UV absorber is spectrally similar on many surfaces. VIMS has identified CO2, H2 and trace organics in varying abundances on Saturn's satellites. We postulate that through the spatial relationships of some of these compounds that they are created and destroyed through space weathering effects. For example, the trapped H2 and CO2 observed by VIMS in regions with high concentrations of dark material may in part be space weathering products from the destruction of H2O and organic molecules. The dark material, particularly on Iapetus which has the highest concentration in the Saturn system, is well matched by space-weathered silicates in the .4 to 2.6 micron range, and the spectral shapes closely match those of the most mature lunar soils, another indicator of space weathered material
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Mobile robotics in agricultural operations: A narrative review on planning aspects
The advent of mobile robots in agriculture has signaled a digital transformation with new automation technologies optimize a range of labor-intensive, resources-demanding, and time-consuming agri-field operations. To that end a generally accepted technical lexicon for mobile robots is lacking as pertinent terms are often used interchangeably. This creates confusion among research and practice stakeholders. In addition, a consistent definition of planning attributes in automated agricultural operations is still missing as relevant research is sparse. In this regard, a ânarrativeâ review was adopted (1) to provide the basic terminology over technical aspects of mobile robots used in autonomous operations and (2) assess fundamental planning aspects of mobile robots in agricultural environments. Based on the synthesized evidence from extant studies, seven planning attributes have been included: (i) high-level control-specific attributes, which include reasoning architecture, the world model, and planning level, (ii) operation-specific attributes, which include locomotionâtask connection and capacity constraints, and (iii) physical robot-specific attributes, which include vehicle configuration and vehicle kinematics.</jats:p
CBI limits on 31 GHz excess emission in southern HII regions
We have mapped four regions of the southern Galactic plane at 31 GHz with the
Cosmic Background Imager. From the maps, we have extracted the flux densities
for six of the brightest \hii regions in the southern sky and compared them
with multi-frequency data from the literature. The fitted spectral index for
each source was found to be close to the theoretical value expected for
optically thin free-free emission, thus confirming that the majority of flux at
31 GHz is due to free-free emission from ionised gas with an electron
temperature of K.
We also found that, for all six sources, the 31 GHz flux density was slightly
higher than the predicted value from data in the literature. This excess
emission could be due to spinning dust or another emission mechanism.
Comparisons with m data indicate an average dust emissivity of
K (MJy/sr), or a 95 per cent confidence limit of K (MJy/sr). This is lower than that found in diffuse clouds at high
Galactic latitudes by a factor of . The most significant detection
() was found in (RCW49) and may account for up to
per cent of the total flux density observed at 31 GHz. Here, the
dust emissivity of the excess emission is K (MJy/sr) and
is within the range observed at high Galactic latitudes.
Low level polarised emission was observed in all six sources with
polarisation fractions in the range per cent. This is likely to be
mainly due to instrumental leakage and is therefore upper an upper limit to the
free-free polarisation. It corresponds to an upper limit of per cent
for the polarisation of anomalous emission.Comment: Accepted in MNRAS. 12 pages, 10 figures, 5 table
Outcome of tracheostomy timing on critically ill adult patients undergoing mechanical ventilation: a retrospective observational study
Voltage-Controlled Superconducting Quantum Bus
We demonstrate the ability of an epitaxial semiconductor-superconductor
nanowire to serve as a field-effect switch to tune a superconducting cavity.
Two superconducting gatemon qubits are coupled to the cavity, which acts as a
quantum bus. Using a gate voltage to control the superconducting switch yields
up to a factor of 8 change in qubit-qubit coupling between the on and off
states without detrimental effect on qubit coherence. High-bandwidth operation
of the coupling switch on nanosecond timescales degrades qubit coherence
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