Defending Empire at the United Nations: The Politics of International Colonial Oversight in the Era of Decolonisation

This article argues that, although anti-colonial delegations to the 1945 San Francisco Conference did not succeed in bringing all colonial territories under the umbrella of international trusteeship, the threat of expanding international oversight shaped the relationship between colonial governments and international organisations in powerful ways. By focusing on how the UN Special Committee on Non-Self-Governing Territories evolved as a de factosupervisory system for dependent territories, this article considers the ways that representatives at the United Nations defined dependency and self-government and explores the crusade that colonial governments led to justify imperialism in the post-war world. Through a consideration of the diplomatic actions of France, Great Britain and Belgium, this article explores the ways that colonial empires jointly mobilised to defend colonialism at the level of the United Nations. In the face of evolving supervisory mechanisms at the United Nations, the French, British and Belgian delegations joined forces in an attempt to expose some of the inherent contradictions in UN policy towards dependent populations, and to make the case that subject populations living in independent territories often endured worse conditions than those living in formal overseas empires

Student-Athletes\u27 Knowledge of Athletic Trainers\u27 Scope of Practice

Context: As a member of the sports medicine team, athletic trainers serve athletes through injury prevention, evaluation, and rehabilitation. While it is imperative for members of the sports medicine team to have knowledge of scope of practice of athletic trainers, it may also be important for athletes as well, so that the athletic trainers can be properly utilized by all parties. Although previous research has been completed on how athletes’ sport profile and satisfaction of care relate, no previous studies were identified that assessed athletes’ knowledge of athletic trainers’ scope of practice. Objective: Determine student-athletes’ knowledge of athletic trainers’ scope of practice. Design: Prospective sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Setting: Online survey delivered through university email system; paper-pencil survey distributed at pre-participation examinations (PPE). Participants: Convenience sample of 108 NCAA Division I student-athletes. Forty four total participants. Response rate: 41%. Groups were formed based on whether or not student-athletes had previous experience with an athletic trainer as well as sport profile. Interventions: Survey consisted of demographic information and knowledge sections. Independent variables: previous experience with an athletic trainer, sport profile. Main Outcome Measure: Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Knowledge questions were scored based on correct responses and a total knowledge score was calculated. Independent t-tests were completed to compare knowledge scores between athletes with or without previous experience with athletic trainer and between high- and low-profile sport groups. Results: Approximately 91% of participants were 18 years old. 64% of participants had previous experience with an athletic trainer, while 36% had no previous experience. Independent T-tests revealed no significant differences in knowledge scores with regard to previous experience with an athletic trainer or sport profile. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that previous experience with an athletic trainer and sport profile do not have an effect on the athlete’s knowledge of athletic trainers’ scope of practice. Results indicated that athletes have a moderate level of knowledge in all domains, which established that athletes’ have a consistent knowledge level with physicians, administrators, and coaches. Future studies could be done to assess knowledge levels across all NCAA Divisions

Questioning Implicit Assumptions – Proactively Fostering Inclusion In Engineering Activity Design

Within discussions of inclusion work in engineering education, calls have been made to shift to a shared responsibility model where all are responsible for proactively fostering inclusive environments. In an academic setting, it is through pro-active design of learning activities that academics can pre-emptively meet the needs of diverse students such that they may feel included. This design work often relies on academics being educated or aware of what is inclusive or exclusive for different groups that have traditionally underrepresented identities and lived experiences. However, academics do not always possess this information. This workshop proposes an approach that asks academics to employ a process-based approach to consider what assumptions underpin the design of a real-life student-centered activity and seek information to challenge those assumptions. Participants will employ this approach as well as a suggested method for drawing on evidence-based practice to consider structural and design changes that may make the activity in question more inclusive

Certified Athletic Trainer’s Perceived Comfort Level with Shoulder Reductions

Joint dislocations are a common injury in the athletic world. The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint. It is important for health care professionals to be aware of this injury and be able to treat it. Athletic trainers play a vital role in the immediate care of injured athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived comfort level of athletic trainers with reducing a shoulder dislocation. The results showed that there was a significant difference between ATC’s perceived comfort level in the 5-10 and 20+ years of experience groups when reducing posterior dislocations (p=.016). Another significant difference was shown between the ATC’s in a collegiate and clinic setting (p=.019). This study shows that Athletic Trainers are performing shoulder reductions and that they feel confident doing so

Hypothèse de programmation foetale : implications pour la sécrétion de cortisol et le développement de l'enfant

L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de vérifier l’influence des facteurs prénataux sur le développement de l’enfant et d’explorer les mécanismes par lesquels cette influence survient. Dans un premier temps, une méta-analyse a été effectuée afin de vérifier l’association entre divers facteurs prénataux et la sécrétion de cortisol des enfants âgés de moins de 5 ans. Les variables prénatales considérées sont le stress maternel prénatal, ainsi que la consommation prénatale d’alcool, de tabac ou de drogues. Dix-neuf études ont été retenues et les résultats démontrent un lien significatif entre les facteurs prénataux et la sécrétion de cortisol chez l’enfant (d = .36, p < .001). Les analyses de modération révèlent que cette association est plus élevée en ce qui concerne la consommation prénatale d’alcool, la sécrétion de cortisol basal et l’utilisation de devis de recherche rétrospectifs. Les effets de modération obtenus suggèrent entre autres que des mécanismes d’action différents pourraient être en cause selon le type d’exposition prénatale étudié. Dans un deuxième temps, une étude empirique a été réalisée afin d’explorer les mécanismes qui pourraient expliquer l’association entre les facteurs prénataux et le développement de l’enfant. Plusieurs études suggèrent que la sécrétion de cortisol de l’enfant et la sensibilité maternelle puissent agir comme médiateurs dans l’association entre le stress maternel prénatal et le développement cognitif de l’enfant. Cette étude empirique a donc pour objectif de tester ces modèles de médiation et de vérifier la présence d’effets directs du stress maternel prénatal, de la sécrétion de cortisol de l’enfant et de la sensibilité maternelle sur le développement cognitif de l’enfant. Les résultats obtenus documentent la présence d’effets directs et indépendants du stress maternel prénatal, de la sécrétion de cortisol de l’enfant et de la sensibilité maternelle afin de prédire le développement cognitif de l’enfant à 3 mois. De plus, aucune relation de médiation n’est documentée. Les résultats soutiennent ainsi à la fois l’influence des facteurs de l’environnement prénatal, celle de l’environnement postnatal et une contribution des facteurs propres à la physiologie de l’enfant dans la prédiction du développement cognitif en bas âge.The purpose of the present doctoral thesis is to examine the association between prenatal environment and early human development and to investigate mechanisms by which fetal programming can occur. To clarify this association, we conducted two different studies. First, we did a meta-analysis to examine the relation between various prenatal variables and child cortisol secretion. Prenatal variables considered were maternal prenatal stress and maternal prenatal use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. Nineteen studies were included in the analysis and results reveal and significant and moderate association between prenatal variables and child cortisol secretion (d = .36, p < .001). Moderator analyses reveal that greater effect sizes can be traced to maternal alcohol use, to the use of retrospective research methodology, where mothers are questioned after child birth regarding programming variables, and to the use of baseline measures of cortisol secretion, as opposed to recovery measures. Moderation effects suggest that different mechanisms could be involved when different prenatal variables are considered. Secondly, an empirical study was conducted in order to examine mechanisms that could explain the association between prenatal environment and early human development. The purpose of this empirical study is to test the possibility that early differences in cortisol secretion and maternal interactive sensitivity may mediate the link between maternal prenatal stress and infant cognitive development. The results reveal independent effects of maternal prenatal stress, infant cortisol secretion and maternal sensitivity to predict infant cognitive development. However, the results do not reveal mediation neither for infant cortisol secretion nor for maternal interactive sensitivity in the association between maternal prenatal stress and infant cognitive development. Together, these results provide support for a contribution of prenatal environment, postnatal environment and of infant’s physiological characteristics to predict infant cognitive development

A Collection of Accounting Case Studies Analyzing Financial Reporting

The following thesis contains a group of twelve accounting case studies that were completed between August 2016 and May 2017. The cases deal with a number of different accounting topics including depreciation, inventory valuation, formatting financial statements, the new revenue recognition standard, leases, using the Codification Research System, internal controls, stock-based compensation, and deferred income taxes. Each of these cases were picked to follow along with what was being taught in Intermediate Accounting at the time, and they were useful in building on the information I was already learning. The cases provided a different way of looking at each of the topics, and they took my understanding on those topics to a higher level. Each chapter that follows contains one case that is unrelated to any of the other ones, and they should be viewed independently. Even though they are unrelated, when the cases are put together they form a complete work that showcases the journey take over those ten months

Analysis of the Annual Influenza Vaccination Event Hosted by the Riley County Health Department

Master of Public HealthPublic Health Interdepartmental ProgramAlison P. AdamsThis field experience was accomplished during an internship at the Riley County Health Department (RCHD) from October 2017 to April 2018. The internship was performed under the guidance of Andrew Adams, the Public Health Emergency Preparedness Coordinator for RCHD. The purpose of the field experience was to analyze the potential economic benefit and overall outreach success of an annual influenza vaccination event (named "Okt-FLU-ber Fest") provided by RCHD. It is important for RCHD employees to understand the impact these annual clinics have on the community. The main objective of this field experience was to help determine this information for the health department. A cost-benefit analysis was done by configuring the outgoing cost to both the health department to provide the event and to the public to attend and receive a vaccination. Additionally, the potential averted costs of influenza illness to the public were determined, and these values were compared to assess the potential economic benefit of receiving a flu vaccination at Okt-FLU-ber Fest. The results of the cost-benefit analysis suggested that the flu vaccine provides a substantial potential economic benefit to vaccinated individuals, as well as to Riley County. The results showed that the potential costs averted from not being ill with influenza or having more mild symptoms are greater than the expenses for the vaccination outreach effort. Additionally, Okt-FLU-ber Fest proved to be successful in terms of reaching the focal target age population of school-aged individuals. Outreach to areas of low median household income and high poverty status proved to be mostly successful. This information will be used to guide the Riley County Health Department in increasing their outreach efforts and ultimately improve the health of the community. The health department can now proceed with future planning for this annual event by targeting certain areas for education efforts, increasing advertisement of the event, and strategically placing mobile clinics