Clinical and histopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma of young patients in Mashhad, Iran : a retrospective study and review of literatures

Objectives: Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is primarily a disease that mainly occurs in males in their sixth and seventh decades of life and is rare in young adults. Study Design: In this retrospective study, records of patients under the age of 40, with the diagnosis of OSCC in the Oral Medicine Department of Mashhad Dental Faculty during the past 13 years were analyzed. Their socioeconomic data, demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics, risk factors, familial history were assessed and applicable studies and case reports in the literatures were reviewed. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) analysis was also done for detection of human papilloma virus (HPV). Results: From 158 cases of OSCC diagnosed in our centre, 21 patients were younger than 40 years. Most of them were young men (12 cases). There was no significant risk factor in this group. The most common site of involvement was the tongue. The most common clinical presentation was exophytic lesion with ulcer. No HPV DNA was detected in these patients. Conclusion: Characteristics of OSCC in young patients are different from older age group. Major risk factors (smoking and alcohol consumption and HPV) were not etiologic factors for OSCC in young patients in our province. © Medicina Oral S. L

Intensive care unit-acquired urinary tract infections in patients admitted with sepsis: etiology, risk factors, and patterns of antimicrobial resistance

SummaryObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the etiology, risk factors, and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients admitted with sepsis.MethodsIn this observational study, 100 septic patients hospitalized in a general ICU were selected. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were obtained by chart review. Antibiotic resistance/susceptibility was determined using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique.ResultsA UTI was present in 28 (28%) patients; the male to female ratio was 19:9 and the mean age of the patients was 58.71±19.45 years. From the total of 28 isolates, 27 were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 23 to amikacin, 27 to meropenem, 28 to cefepime, 26 to ceftazidime, and 27 to ceftriaxone.ConclusionsOn the basis of our results, the rate of multidrug-resistant UTIs may be very high in some ICUs in patients admitted with sepsis. This antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance should be determined, and a special antimicrobial treatment protocol should be planned based on the results for each ICU. The use of antibiotics for treating UTIs should be guided only through this protocol because of the different spectra of pathogens and susceptibility patterns in each ICU

Oral amelanotic melanoma of the maxilla.

Amelanotic melanoma is a variant of malignant melanoma comprising 2% to 8% of all malignant melanomas. The amelanotic presentation of melanoma in the oral cavity is extremely rare and has been reported only occasionally in the literature. Moreover, the lack of melanin makes these tumors difficult to diagnose than that of pigmented lesions and the prognosis tends to be poorer. Herein, we report an amelanotic melanoma involving the oral mucosa of the maxilla in a 27 year-old male

Comparative Assessment of Nuclear and Nucleolar Cytochemical Parameters of Oral Epithelial Cells in Smokers and Non-Smokers by Methyl Green-Pyronin Staining

Introduction: A strong relationship exists between cigarette smoking and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Smoking can significantly increase cellular proliferation. Nevertheless, there is little reference in literature to the cytological assessment of oral mucosa in this respect. Methods: Changes in nuclear and neucleolar cytomorphometric parameters such as diameter, surface, number and color intensity, in cytologic smears which were collected from normal buccal mucosa of 30 cigarette smokers and 30 non smokers, using methyl green-pyronin staining were studied. Results: Our findings attested to smoking as significant inductive factor in cytochemistry as well as morphologic changes. Conclusion: This technique is a valuable tool

Evaluating Suppression of PGE2, PAF, and Histamine Synthesis and Histopathological Changes of Bones in the Membrane Surrounding Particulate Polymethylmethacrylate in The Rat Tibia

Introduction:Inflammation and wear debris may be responsible for bone lysis and subsequent lost in aseptic arthroplasty.Prostaglandin E2, platelet activating factor,and histamine are important mediators of inflammatory cells.We studied histopathological changes of cement-bone interface after using specific antagonists of these mediators.Methods:Left and right tibiae of 120 rats in ten groups were drilled.The left side was filled with polymethylmethacrylate and the right side was used as control.The first three groups respectively received 1mg/kg, 10mg/kg, and 25mg/kg of terfenadine,   the second three groups respectively received 0.08mg/kg, 0.32mg/kg, and 0.64mg/kg of alprazolam, and the third three groups respectively received 1mg/kg,5mg/kg,and 25mg/kg of naproxen. The tenth group received no drug and served as the control group. The animals were killed after 16 weeks and studied by one pathologist.   Results:Cellular reaction in the left side was significantly more than the right side in all cases.Medium and high doses of terfenadine and naproxen and high doses of alprazolam could also significantly decrease giant cells and histiocytes.Conclusion: Increased cellular reaction in the cement-bone interface was suppressed by administration of PGE2,PAF,and histamine specific inhibitors. The use of these agents may induce retardation of the bone loss associated with early prosthetic loosening.