Communication d’Ariela Gross: « From the Streets to the Courts : Doing the Grassroots History of Race, law and Conservatism »

Comment les logiques de ségrégation raciale se sont-elles reconfigurées en droit dans la période post-ségrégationniste ? Comment une rhétorique qui se veut aveugle à la race (colorblind) est devenue conservatrice ? Suffit-il d’éliminer la race, en tant que catégorie descriptive des discriminations et des ségrégations sociales, pour qu’elle perde de sa force politique ? Ce sont certaines des questions qu’a posées Ariela Gross, Professeure de droit à University of Southern California invitée au..

Communication d’Ariela Gross: « From the Streets to the Courts : Doing the Grassroots History of Race, law and Conservatism »

Comment les logiques de ségrégation raciale se sont-elles reconfigurées en droit dans la période post-ségrégationniste ? Comment une rhétorique qui se veut aveugle à la race (colorblind) est devenue conservatrice ? Suffit-il d’éliminer la race, en tant que catégorie descriptive des discriminations et des ségrégations sociales, pour qu’elle perde de sa force politique ? Ce sont certaines des questions qu’a posées Ariela Gross, Professeure de droit à University of Southern California invitée au..

Grape polyphenols decrease circulating branched chain amino acids in overfed adults

Introduction and aims: Dietary polyphenols have long been associated with health benefits, including the prevention of obesity and related chronic diseases. Overfeeding was shown to rapidly induce weight gain and fat mass, associated with mild insulin resistance in humans, and thus represents a suitable model of the metabolic complications resulting from obesity. We studied the effects of a polyphenol-rich grape extract supplementation on the plasma metabolome during an overfeeding intervention in adults, in two randomized parallel controlled clinical trials. Methods: Blood plasma samples from 40 normal weight to overweight male adults, submitted to a 31-day overfeeding (additional 50% of energy requirement by a high calorie-high fructose diet), given either 2 g/day grape polyphenol extract or a placebo at 0, 15, 21, and 31 days were analyzed (Lyon study). Samples from a similarly designed trial on females (20 subjects) were collected in parallel (Lausanne study). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was conducted to characterize metabolome changes induced by overfeeding and associated effects from polyphenol supplementation. The clinical trials are registered under the numbers NCT02145780 and NCT02225457 at ClinicalTrials.gov. Results: Changes in plasma levels of many metabolic markers, including branched chain amino acids (BCAA), ketone bodies and glucose in both placebo as well as upon polyphenol intervention were identified in the Lyon study. Polyphenol supplementation counterbalanced levels of BCAA found to be induced by overfeeding. These results were further corroborated in the Lausanne female study.Conclusion: Administration of grape polyphenol-rich extract over 1 month period was associated with a protective metabolic effect against overfeeding in adults

La violence conjugale à l’épreuve de l’État social : une comparaison franco-états-unienne

À partir de la fin des années 1970, les associations féministes qui prennent en charge le problème de la violence conjugale se sont insérées dans le secteur social, avec plus ou moins de succès, et ont bénéficié de financements venant de l’État. Dans une période de reconfigurations de l’État social, qui affectent notamment les modes d’attribution des budgets publics, celui-ci perd en légitimité symbolique et voit ses fonctions se modifier. Quels sont les effets de ces mutations sur la prise en charge, étatique et associative, du problème de la violence conjugale ? La comparaison entre la France et les États-Unis met en lumière un paradoxe concernant l’évolution de la cause dans ces deux contextes institutionnels et politiques. Alors que l’État social est moins fort aux États-Unis qu’en France, la légitimité de la cause dans l’espace social permet de créer des droits spécifiques aux femmes victimes et d’instaurer notamment un régime d’exception les prémunissant des contraintes du workfare. Parallèlement, en France, les organisations féministes œuvrent toujours à la pleine reconnaissance de ce problème public et semblent davantage menacées par les réductions budgétaires. En s’appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique menée principalement dans le comté de Los Angeles et en région parisienne, cet article propose de retracer les trajectoires de la cause de la violence conjugale prisme des transformations provoquées par les mutations de l’État social.Conjugal violence is a serious and persistent social problem; one-third of all women globally have been a victim of it. This article will discuss the empirical and theoretical links between conjugal, domestic, and structural violence. The article will start with a short background describing how conjugal violence has been shaped as a socio-criminal problem in Québec. It will then identify the primary knowledge gaps in the field, thereby demonstrating the need to better understand the complex links between conjugal, domestic, and structural violence, three concepts whose definitions could be enhanced and made mutually complementary. The article will stress the importance of considering the diverse realities faced by those involved in these types of violence (women, men, and children), focusing on a broad analysis that integrates not only individual and interpersonal factors but also social and structural factors, in particular oppression based on gender or other social identity markers. The discussion will be enhanced by theoretical models that describe various dynamics of conjugal and domestic violence, as well as by intersectional feminism, which has proved useful in analyzing structural violence. The conclusion will deal with the possible effects of analyzing links between conjugal, family, and structural violence on social policy and intervention programs for victims, committers, and children exposed to conjugal violence

This is what feminisms look likeLutter contre les violences sexuelles, (re)présenter un sujet politique

Taboo until the 1970s, the problem of sexual violence appeared in the social space thanks to a feminist framework, linking personal and political dimensions, private violence and gender dynamics. Characterized by their diversity, the feminist movements which denounce violence have undergone transformations; for instance, their political approaches and modes of action have been renewed since the 1990s. In Cape Cod, students launched a campaign displaying tee shirts which symbolized survivors of sexual violence. This performance, called The Clothesline Project, then spread throughout the United States. By analyzing this action, this article sets out to highlight the evolutions of feminist movements. If The Clothesline Project aims at raising awareness about the issue of violence, women are no longer the main political subject represented, and the roots of the problem are not apparent. This action shows how the politics of representation are reconfigured in contemporary feminisms

Perversion narcissique, genre et conjugalité

International audienc

La violence conjugale à l’épreuve de l’État social : une comparaison franco-états-unienne

Conjugal violence is a serious and persistent social problem; one-third of all women globally have been a victim of it. This article will discuss the empirical and theoretical links between conjugal, domestic, and structural violence. The article will start with a short background describing how conjugal violence has been shaped as a socio-criminal problem in Québec. It will then identify the primary knowledge gaps in the field, thereby demonstrating the need to better understand the complex links between conjugal, domestic, and structural violence, three concepts whose definitions could be enhanced and made mutually complementary. The article will stress the importance of considering the diverse realities faced by those involved in these types of violence (women, men, and children), focusing on a broad analysis that integrates not only individual and interpersonal factors but also social and structural factors, in particular oppression based on gender or other social identity markers. The discussion will be enhanced by theoretical models that describe various dynamics of conjugal and domestic violence, as well as by intersectional feminism, which has proved useful in analyzing structural violence. The conclusion will deal with the possible effects of analyzing links between conjugal, family, and structural violence on social policy and intervention programs for victims, committers, and children exposed to conjugal violence

Le débat sur les violences faites aux femmes aux États-Unis : les limites du consensus

International audienceAlthough the Violence Against Women Act had been considered consensual since its passage in 1994, its reauthorization sparked debates between Republicans and Democrats in 2011. This debate provides an opportunity to question this supposed consensus, which reflects how the public problem of violence against women—and in particular domestic violence—has been formulated in the United States. Retracing the history of the public problem thus highlights the political issues it continues to raise in the academic and nonprofit worlds. Policies combating domestic violence indeed remain an object of “definitional struggles” that shed light on how the influence of gender and social relations in the private sphere is considered.Alors que, depuis sa promulgation en 1994, le Violence Against Women Act était jugé consensuel, son renouvellement a généré des débats entre républicains et démocrates en 2011. Ce débat a été l’occasion d’interroger les fondements de ce consensus, qui, en creux, reflète les contours de la formulation du problème public des violences faites aux femmes, et en particulier de celui de la violence conjugale, aux États-Unis. Retracer l’histoire du problème public souligne alors les questions politiques qu’il continue de soulever dans les mondes universitaire et associatif. En effet, les politiques publiques de lutte contre les violences conjugales font toujours l’objet de « luttes définitionnelles » qui mettent en avant la manière de penser l’influence du genre et des rapports sociaux dans la sphère intime

« Violence conjugale / Domestic violence. Sociologie comparée d'un cause féministe (France / Etats-Unis, 1970-2013) », Thèse de sociologie, dir. Eric Fassin, EHESS, 2014.

Comment une cause féministe devient-elle un problème public ? C'est la question à laquelle cette thèse tente de répondre en retraçant l'évolution du traitement de la violence conjugale en France et aux États-Unis des années 1970 à 2013. S'il a longtemps été impensé, le problème de la violence dans le couple hétérosexuel jouit dorénavant d'une certaine reconnaissance. Identifié et dénoncé par des militantes issues des mobilisations féministes de la deuxième vague, il fait aujourd'hui l'objet d..

Viol conjugal. Un phénomène social au croisement de deux problèmes publics en France et aux États-Unis

International audienc