Sebaceous Skin Lesions as Clues to Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer

Cutaneous lesions consonant with Muir–Torre syndrome strongly suggest hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Ponti et al. discuss the importance of combining molecular genetic features of the sebaceous neoplasms, including microsatellite instability and immunohistochemistry, with family history, to determine the likelihood of HNPCC. Proof of diagnosis is identification of one of the mismatch repair germline mutations

The Crisis in Legal Education: Dabbling in Disaster Planning

The legal education crisis has already struck for many recent law school graduates, signaling potential disaster for law schools already struggling with their own economic challenges. Law schools have high fixed costs caused by competition between schools, the unchecked expansion of federal loan programs, a widely exploited information asymmetry about graduate employment outcomes, and a lack of financial discipline masquerading as innovation. As a result, tuition is up, jobs are down, and skepticism of the value of a J.D. has never been higher. If these trends do not reverse course, droves of students will continue to graduate with debt that greatly reduces their ability to fulfill the law school graduate\u27s traditional and important role in American society. The point at which the law school crisis becomes a disaster for legal education is debatable, but the importance of preparing for and forestalling this disaster is not. This Article serves two forward-looking purposes that stem from the premise that American legal education requires structural change to reduce the cost of obtaining a legal education. First, we set a framework for thinking about reforms to the method of delivering legal education. Second, we examine three blueprints for structural reform: one that has already been implemented and is ineffective, and two that set the discussion on the right track. These blueprints reject mere tinkering in favor of refocusing the attention of legal education stakeholders on the drastic structural changes needed to provide quality, affordable legal education. While we provide only a starting point for considering how the two new models could work in principle, they serve as an intellectual blueprint that can pave the way for new and better ideas about legal education. It is clear that cost reform is necessary, and it is likely that substantial reform is coming. The shape of this reform depends on who gets involved, who we hope include actors beyond those who have set legal education on a path toward disaster

Development and Evaluation of an Online, Patient-Driven, Family Outreach Intervention to Facilitate Sharing of Genetic Risk Information in Families with Lynch Syndrome

Departments of Gastroenterology Research, Behavioral Science, and Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition This article has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Medical Genetics, 2021 following peer review, and the Version of Record can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107615https://openworks.mdanderson.org/mdacc_ghn_pubs/1000/thumbnail.jp

Values of Exemplary Jesuit College Graduates

What values do undergraduates adopt and internalize as a result of their college experiences at a Catholic Jesuit college/university? In an attempt to answer this question, the authors chose 21 exemplary graduates from 2000-2007 at a Catholic, Jesuit college in the northeastern part of the United States and conducted a ten question intensive interview with each of them. After transcribing and coding the interviews, it was discovered that these graduates had a strong grasp of such Jesuit ideals as “men and women for others,” “educating the whole person,” “cura personalis,” and “magis,” but apparently a weaker grasp of the more recent Jesuit emphasis on diversity and social justice. Faculty and members of the campus ministry staff had a strong influence on helping these graduates to develop a better sense of Jesuit values. Campus ministry activities, service and immersion trips, and research with faculty helped those interviewed to learn and practice Jesuit values

Measurements of the acid-binding capacity of ingredients used in pig diets

peer-reviewedSome feed ingredients bind more acid in the stomach than others and for this reason may be best omitted from pig starter foods if gastric acidity is to be promoted. The objective of this study was to measure the acid-binding capacity (ABC) of ingredients commonly used in pig starter foods. Ingredients were categorised as follows: (i) milk products (n = 6), (ii) cereals (n = 10), (iii) root and pulp products (n = 5), (iv) vegetable proteins (n = 11), (v) meat and fish meal (n = 2), (vi) medication (n = 3), (vii) amino acids (n = 4), (viii) minerals (n = 16), (ix) acid salts (n = 4), (x) acids (n = 10). A 0.5 g sample of food was suspended in 50 ml distilled de-ionised water with continuous stirring. This suspension was titrated with 0.1 mol/L HCl or 0.1 mol/L NaOH so that approximately 10 additions of titrant was required to reach pH 3.0. The pH readings after each addition were recorded following equilibration for three minutes. ABC was calculated as the amount of acid in milliequivalents (meq) required to lower the pH of 1 kg food to (a) pH 4.0 (ABC-4) and (b) pH 3.0 (ABC-3). Categories of food had significantly different (P < 0.01) ABC values. Mean ABC-4 and ABC-3 values of the ten categories were: (i) 623 (s.d. 367.0) and 936 (s.d. 460.2), (ii) 142 (s.d. 79.2) and 324 (s.d. 146.4), (iii) 368 (s.d. 65.3) and 804 (s.d. 126.7), (iv) 381 (s.d. 186.1) and 746 (s.d. 227.0), (v) 749 (s.d. 211.6) and 1508 (s.d. 360.8), (vi) 120 (s.d. 95.6) and 261 (s.d. 163.2), (vii) 177 (s.d. 60.7) and 1078 (s.d. 359.0), (viii) 5064 (s.d. 5525.1) and 7051 (s.d. 5911.6), (ix) 5057 (s.d. 1336.6) and 8945 (s.d. 2654.1) and (x) -5883 (s.d. 4220.5) and -2591 (s.d. 2245.4) meq HCl per kg, respectively. Within category, ABC-3 and ABC- 4 values were highly correlated: R2 values of 0.80 and greater for food categories i, iv, v, vi, vii and viii. The correlation between predicted and observed ABC values of 34 mixed diets was 0.83 for ABC-4 and 0.71 for ABC-3. It was concluded that complete diets with low ABC values may be formulated through careful selection of ingredients. The final pH to which ABC is measured should matter little as ABC-3 and ABC-4 are highly correlated

Effect of Pre-and Post-weaning Nutrition and Management on Performance of Weaned Pigs to circa 35 kg.

End of Project ReportThe objective of this project was to examine the factors affecting performance (growth rate, appetite, feed conversion efficiency) of pigs in the stage from weaning to 35 kg liveweight. The study involved three stages, creep feeding during the suckling period, management during the first weaner stage (c. 4 weeks from weaning or 6 kg to 15 kg liveweight) and management during the second weaner stage (c. 15 kg to 35 kg liveweight. Creep feed intake before weaning was low c. 2.5 to 3.0 kg per litter but where it was consumed the response in terms of feed conversion efficiency was good with litter weight increasing in weight by about 1.1 kg for each 1 kg creep consumed. Milk replacer in liquid form was very readily consumed but its preparation and feeding is very laborious. Weaning weight was poorly related to post weaning performance and weaning age seemed to be more critical which is probably a reflection of the greater maturity of older animals. In the first weaner stage, feeding of cooked cereal containing diets was found to have little benefit in pig performance. Acidification of feeds is likely to have only a minor influence on pig performance. An experiment on choice feeding of starter and link feeds did not confirm that smaller pigs require a higher quality diet and, in a choice situation will eat a greater proportion of the more nutrient dense diet. In the second weaner stage, comparison of three commercial weaner feeds with a cereal based control diet showed good performance on all four diets. Pigs fed a high lysine weaner diet grew better in the weaner stage but by slaughter those pigs fed the low lysine weaner diet, after all pigs were fed a common finisher diet, had overtaken them. The high lysine group did, however, have leaner carcasses. Residual effects of early nutrition need to be investigated in more detail including the effect of pregnancy feeding on prenatal development and the relationship between prenatal growth and postnatal growth, in particular development of muscle.European Union Structural Funds (EAGGF