Gamma Radiation Induced Formation of Iodine Monochloride in Iodine in Some Aromatic Chlorinated Solvents

Abstract: Gamma radiation induced formation of ICl in aerated and deaerated solutions of iodine in some aromatic chlorinated solvents has been studied for different concentrations and γ dosages. G values for formation of ICl and decomposition of I 2 were determined in gamma radiolysis of aerated and deaerated solutions of I 2 in 1,2-dichlorobenzene(1,2-DCB), 1,3-dichlorobenzene(1,3-DCB), 2-chlorotoluene, 3-chlorotoluene and benzotrichloride. G(ICl) values have been found to decrease in the following order 2-chlorotoluene < 3-chlorotoluene < 1,2-DCB < 1,3-DCB < benzotrichloride. G(ICl) is slightly higher in aerated solutions than in deaerated solutions and is found to be dependent on the structure of the parent organic molecule

Mossbauer & Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Several Nitroprussides

151-15

Mossbauer Spectroscopic Evidence of Hydrogen Bonding in Nitroprussic Acid

414-41

Mossbauer, Infrared & Magnetic Studies on Hexacarboxylatoferrate(III) Complexes

304-30

Gamma Radiolysis of Anhydrous & Hydrated Thorium Nitrates

708-70

COD reduction studies of paper mill effluent using a batch recirculation electrochemical method

The conventional method of treating pulp and paper mill effluent involves the biological oxidation by bacterial action of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and aerobic lagooning method, which are less efficiency of removing COD. To overcome the drawbacks of the existing treatment process, in the present work an attempt has been made to study the electro oxidative destruction of the pulp and paper mill effluent using an electrochemical method and the effect of various parameters such as concentration of supporting electrolytes, current densities, flow rates of electrolyte and reservoir volumes of the effluent were conducted. From the experimental results it is observed that the rate of reduction of COD of the effluent increased with an increase in the supporting electrolyte (sodium chloride) concentration, current density where as it decreased with increase in the reservoir volume and the flow rate of electrolyte. The residence time distributions studies have also been conducted to study the behavior of the electrochemical reactor

COD reduction studies of paper mill effluent using a batch recirculation electrochemical method

The conventional method of treating pulp and paper mill effluent involves the biological oxidation by bacterial action of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and aerobic lagooning method, which are less efficiency of removing COD. To overcome the drawbacks of the existing treatment process, in the present work an attempt has been made to study the electro oxidative destruction of the pulp and paper mill effluent using an electrochemical method and the effect of various parameters such as concentration of supporting electrolytes, current densities, flow rates of electrolyte and reservoir volumes of the effluent were conducted. From the experimental results it is observed that the rate of reduction of COD of the effluent increased with an increase in the supporting electrolyte (sodium chloride) concentration, current density where as it decreased with increase in the reservoir volume and the flow rate of electrolyte. The residence time distributions studies have also been conducted to study the behavior of the electrochemical reactor

SILICA GEL SUPPORTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE PHOTOCATALYST FOR METHYL ORANGE PHOTOREDUCTION

TiO2 based photocatalysis has been widely investigated and has vital applications in energy and environmental remediation processes. In this connection research is being conducted in the zone of supported TiO2 based photocatalysts for development of visible light induced photocatalytic material. A series of materials were synthesized including zeolite based composite photocatalyst, N-doped mesopourous titania and investigated for dye degradation followed by hydrogen generation. Current research trend is towards supported photocatalyst therefore silica gel supported TiO2 photocatalyst was designed and developed also compared with alumina based photocatalyst. From the experimental data it was found that Silica based system has edge over the other synthesized photocatalysts with effective dye degradation of about 9.61 mg of MO reduced per g of TiO2 (0.508 mg of MO reduced per g of TiO2 for Degussa P-25). MO photoreduction is 19 times higher as compared to benchmark material Degussa P-25. Results well illustrate the formation of high dispersed metal oxide on silica framework

Visible light induced photoreduction of water by N-doped mesoporous titania

N-doped mesoporous titania was synthesized by templating method. Three different types of photocatalysts were synthesized by varying chitosan to titania compositions and designated as N-doped mesoporous titania (1:1), (1:2) and (1:3). These synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, BET-SA, UV-DRS, SEM-EDX and XPS. This photocatalyst is active in visible range with band gap energy of 2.65 eV. Formation of TieN bond reveals the decrease in the band gap of TiO2. The synthesized photocatalysts were screened initially for their photocatalytic activity using water splitting reaction. The maximum hydrogen yield of 2654.57 mmol/h/g of photocatalyst was obtained for N-doped mesoporous titania (1:2). This yield is 16 times higher as compared to the bench mark material Degussa P-25 (161 mmol/h/g of photocatalyst). The best performing photocatalyst N-doped mesoporous titania (1:2) was investigated in detail to study the influence of various operating parameters. Reuse and recycle study results in steady hydrogen yield of 9605.56 mmoles for 30 h

Radiosterilization of Fluoroquinolones and Cephalosporins: Assessment of Radiation Damage on Antibiotics by Changes in Optical Property and Colorimetric Parameters

A most common problem encountered in radiosterilization of solid drugs is discoloration or yellowing. By pharmacopoeia method, discoloration can be assessed by measuring absorbance of solutions of irradiated solid samples at 450 nm. We propose to evaluate discoloration of solid samples directly by recording their diffuse reflectance spectra. Further, the reflectance spectrum is used to compute various color parameters: CIE XYZ tristimulus value, CIE Lab, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta E_{{\text{ab}}}^ *$$\end{document} (color difference), yellowness index (YI), dominant wavelength, and excitation purity by CIE method. The investigation of difference reflectance spectra and color parameters revealed that for fluoroquinolones, e-beam was more damaging than gamma radiation, whereas for cephalosporins, trend was reversed. The quantum of discoloration with gamma radiation and e-beam is found to be nearly equal when assessed by pharmacopeia method, and it is therefore inadequate to assess small color differences. The color parameters \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta E_{{\text{ab}}}^ *$$\end{document} and ΔYI are found to be reliable indicators of discoloration. The tolerance limits proposed in terms of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$/Delta E_{{\text{ab}}}^ *$$\end{document} and ΔYI are ±2 and ±10 U, respectively. The dominant wavelength for all compounds has shifted to higher values indicating change in hue but defining color tolerance limit with this parameter requires adjunct excitation purity value