17 research outputs found
Effectiveness of LRB in Curved Bridge Isolation: A Numerical Study
Lead Rubber Bearings (LRBs) represent one of the most widely employed devices for
the seismic protection of structures. However, the effectiveness of the same in the case of curved
bridges has not been judged well because of the complexity involved in curved bridges, especially in
controlling torsional moments. This study investigates the performance of an LRB-isolated horizontally
curved continuous bridge under various seismic loadings. The effectiveness of LRBs on the bridge
response control was determined by considering various aspects, such as the changes in ground
motion characteristics, multidirectional effects, the degree of seismic motion, and the variation of
incident angles. Three recorded ground motions were considered in this study, representing historical
earthquakes with near-field, far-field, and forward directivity effects. The effectiveness of the bidirectional behavior considering the interaction effect of the bearing and pier was also studied.
The finite element method was adopted. A sensitivity study of the bridge response related to the
bearing design parameters was carried out for the considered ground motions. The importance of
non-linearity and critical design parameters of LRBs were assessed. It was found that LRBs resulted
in a significant increase in deck displacement for Turkey ground motion, which might be due to the
forward directivity effect. The bi-directional effect is crucial for the curved bridge as it enhances the
displacement significantly compared to uni-directional motion
Unified Power Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Power System with Ancillary Support during Grid Faults
A unified active power control scheme is devised for the grid-integrated permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind power system (WPS) to follow the Indian electricity grid code requirements. The objective of this paper is to propose control schemes to ensure the continuous integration of WPS into the grid even during a higher percentage of voltage dip. In this context, primarily a constructive reactive power reference is formulated to raise and equalize the point of common coupling (PCC) potential during symmetrical and asymmetrical faults, respectively. A simple active power reference is also proposed to inject a consistent percentage of generated power even during faults without violating system ratings. Eventually, the efficacy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in terms of PCC voltage enhancement, DC-link potential, grid real, and reactive power oscillation minimization using the PSCAD/ EMTDC software
Statistical experiment analysis of wear and mechanical behaviour of abaca/sisal fiber-based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment
Ice accretion on various onshore and offshore infrastructures imparts hazardous effects sometimes beyond repair,
which may be life-threatening. Therefore, it has become necessary to look for ways to detect and mitigate ice.
Some ice mitigation techniques have been tested or in use in aviation and railway sectors, however, their
applicability to other sectors/systems is still in the research phase. To make such systems autonomous, ice
protection systems need to be accompanied by reliable ice detection systems, which include electronic,
mechatronics, mechanical, and optical techniques. Comparing the benefits and limitations of all available
methodologies, Infrared Thermography (IRT) appears to be one of the useful, non-destructive, and emerging
techniques as it offers wide area monitoring instead of just point-based ice monitoring. This paper reviews the
applications of IRT in the field of icing on various subject areas to provide valuable insights into the existing
development of an intelligent and autonomous ice mitigation system for general applications
Experimental probe into an automative engine run on waste cooking oil biodiesel blend at varying engine speeds
The present work attempts to evaluate the performance of an automotive diesel engine run on waste cooking oil
biodiesel (WCO) blend at variable engine speeds. The composition of the blend (B40) used in the study is 40%
WCO and 60% diesel by volume and the engine used for the experimentation is a naturally aspirated, watercooled and direct injection type having a compression ratio of 18:1. The engine settings used in the study are
an injection timing (IT) of 150
bTDC and a fuel injection pressure (IP) of 500 bar. The performance and emissions
characteristics of the automotive engine are studied at various loads of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% and at
different engine speeds of 1500, 1800 and 2400 rpm. The first two rotational speeds are chosen to study the
stationary power generation capabilities of the blend, while the feasibility of blend for automotive applications
has been evaluated at 2400 rpm. Experiments have also been conducted on the engine run on mineral diesel fuel
in order to make a comparative analysis. At full load, the maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is found to be
21.51%, 25.48% and 23.56% for the blend at 1500, 1800 and 2400 rpm, respectively. At 2400 rpm and at 20%
and 40% loads, the blend shows an absolute improvement in BTE of 0.17% and 0.03%, respectively over diesel
fuel. On an average, there is a decrease of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 87.5%, 22.22% and 14.28% at
1500, 1800 and 2400 rpm as compared to diesel fuel. At 1500 and 2400 rpm, there is an average absolute increase in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 1.6 ppm and 9.6 ppm, respectively; while at 1800 rpm, an average
decrease in HC emissions by 4 ppm is observed vis-a-vis diesel fuel. While emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx)
as compared to diesel fuel increased on an average by 19.43%, 26.09% and 1.01% at 1500, 1800 and 2400 rpm,
respectively
Selection of Response Reduction Factor Considering Resilience Aspect
The selection of an adequate response reduction factor (R) in the seismic design of a reinforced concrete building is critical to the buildingâs seismic response. To construct a robust structure, the R factor should be chosen based on the buildingâs resilience performance. Since no background was provided for the selection of R factors, the study focuses on the right selection of R factors in relation to the buildingâs functionality, performance level, and resilience. In this study, a high-rise building with multiple R factors (R = 3, 4, 5, and 6) is developed. Five potential recovery paths (RP-1 to RP-5) that matched the realistic scenario were used to estimate the buildingâs functionality. The building was subjected to uni and bi-directional loadings, and two design levels, Design Basic Earthquake (DBE) and Maximum Considered Earthquake were used to monitor the buildingâs response. According to the findings, a decrease in the lateral design force with the highest R results in a high ductility requirement and a substantial loss of resilience. The maximum R factor can be recommended under uni-directional loading up to 6, in which the buildingâs resilience is almost 50%, whereas under bi-directional loading and taking the recommended R factor decreased from 6 to 4
Tanning Wastewater Sterilization in the Dark and Sunlight Using Psidium guajava Leaf-Derived Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Characteristics
Employing Psidium guajava (P. guajava) extract from leaves, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), likewise referred to as cupric oxide and renowned for their sustainable and harmless biogenesis, have the possibility of being useful for the purification of pollutants as well as for medicinal purposes. The current study examined the generated CuO NPs and their physical qualities by using ultravioletâvisible (UV) spectroscopy. The distinctive peak at 265 nm of the CuO NP production was originally seen. Additionally, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation was conducted to identify the crystalline arrangement of the produced CuO NPs, and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy examination was performed to validate the functional compounds of the CuO NPs. Additionally, the synthesized nanoparticlesâ catalytic activities (wastewater treatment) were analyzed in dark and sunlight modes. The catalytic properties of CuO NPs in total darkness resulted in 64.21% discoloration, whereas exposure to sunshine increased the nanomaterialsⲠcatalyst performance to 92.31%. By lowering Cr(VI), Ni, Pb, Co, and Cd in sewage by proportions of 91.4, 80.8, 68.26, 73.25, and 72.4% accordingly, the CuO NP demonstrated its effectiveness as a nanosorbent. Total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological demand for oxygen (BOD), and conductance were all successfully reduced by nanotreatment of tanning effluents, with proportion reductions of 93.24, 88.62, 94.21, 87.5, and 98.3%, correspondingly
Statistical experiment analysis of wear and mechanical behaviour of abaca/sisal fiber-based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment
Composite materials are increasingly replacing synthetic fiber combinations in various applications. However, certain extreme environments on Earth and in space require structures to operate under low temperatures, specifically cryogenic conditions, which can significantly affect material reactions. Therefore, the main focus of this study is to develop and evaluate hybridized biocomposites, specifically assessing their tensile, bending, and impact strengths in a controlled liquid nitrogen environment (77 K). Utilizing the Taguchi optimization method, the statistical analysis of wearing characteristics was carried out utilizing cryogenic treatment hours, load, sliding distance, and weight percentage of abaca and sisal fibers. When 20 percent abaca and sisal were mixed, tensile performance increased from 28.96 to 36.58 MPa. Likewise, the same mixture increased bending strength from 59.63 to 75.68 MPa, and impact strength improved from 59.36 to 71.25 J/m. The cryogenic treatment of composite materials for 15â30 min improved the mechanical characteristics of the materials by enhancing the binding between reinforcements and substrate. The Taguchi 27 test outcomes showed a decreased friction coefficient of 7.79 Ă 105 mm3/Nm in the 10th trial with 30 min of cold working, 10% hybrid fibers, 600 m slide distance, and a 4 N load combination. Frictional coefficient data indicated the lowest rate during the third experiment with 15 min of cryogenic treatment, 10% hybrid fibers, 1,500 m slide length, and a 12 N load combination. The microstructural analysis of the fractured specimen was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, such composite materials are employed in liquid propellant tanks, satellites, spaceships, rocket constructions, aeroplane components at cruising altitudes, and other applications
Seismic hazard analysis of Silchar city located in North East India
AbstractNorth East India is a highly seismically active zone of India due to the collision tectonics between the Indian and the Eurasian plate in the north and subduction tectonics along the Indo-Myanmar range (IMR) in the east. It is utmost important to investigate the seismicity of this region along with uniform hazard spectra (UHS). In this paper, seismic hazard study has been performed at the Silchar district headquarters of Assam state, located in North East India. The earthquake data have been collected from various agencies from 1762 to 2020 and the fault data has been collected from seismotectonic atlas (SEISAT). Earthquake and fault data are superimposed on the Northeast India map using MapInfo software. The fault zone is defined based upon the earthquakeâs density near the fault. Seismicity parameters and maximum magnitude have been estimated using Gutenberg-Richter (G-R) relationship. The best-fitted ground motion equation is considered. The outcome is represented in terms of controlling source, seismic hazard curve and UHS for Silchar city with varying ground motions. Finally, the results are presented as PGA based upon DSHA and PSHA methods. The effect of Importance Factor (I) and Response reduction factor (R) have been investigated by comparing UHS with IS: 1893-2016 code response spectra
Electrochemical investigation of the corrosion susceptibility of hybrid reinforced Al6063 with SiC and PKSA in 1.0âM sulfuric acid environment
Abstract The recycling of agroâwaste as complementary reinforcements has received significant recognition in the development of aluminium matrix composites. Hence, this study examines the corrosion behavior of Al6063 reinforced with hybrid SiC/PKSA (palm kernel shell ash) particles. Through various ratios of SiC and PKSA particles in Al6063 alloy, composites were fabricated by double stir casting. Samples were cut and metallographically prepared for 1âM H2SO4 solution corrosion experiments. Gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analyses were employed. The composites corroded initially at relatively high rates, gradually declining during long immersion times in the acidic solution. The intersection of reinforcements at the general surfaces of the composites where flawed oxide skins predominate acted as active sites for corrosion initiation. From potentiodynamic polarization studies, the corrosion currents increased with time for all specimens, with A9 being 1075.65âÎźA/cm2 at 72âh as against 857.99âÎźA/cm2 at 24âh of measurement. The corrosion potentials for all the specimens hovered around â654.00 to â647.22âmV. Bode plots revealed similar electrochemical reactions over all the substrates' surfaces. The relative corrosion resistance by the specimen depends on the oxide films' nature as the cathodic interfacial reinforcements dropped off into the acidic environment