87 research outputs found

    Modeling the 3-micron Class Er-Doped Fluoride Fiber Laser with a Cubic Energy Transfer Rate Dependence

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    We propose an energy transfer model with a cubic atomic population dependence to accurately model the behavior of various reported high-power erbium-doped fluoride fiber lasers operating near 2.8 microns. We first show that the previously introduced weakly interacting (WI) and strongly interacting (SI) models are not adequate for precisely modeling such high-power erbium-doped fluoride fiber lasers. We compare results obtained with the WI and SI models to the proposed model by simulating 4 different highly doped (7 mol.%) fiber lasers previously reported in the literature. Laser efficiencies and powers are reproduced with great accuracy. In addition, four other independent fiber laser systems based on erbium doping concentrations varying from 1-6 mol.% are also simulated with good accuracy using the proposed model with the exact same set of spectroscopic parameters, which confirms its validity for various erbium doping concentrations. Redshifting of laser wavelength is also taken into account by considering the full cross section spectra and computing signal powers over several wavelength channels.Comment: 9 pages, 18 figures, submitted to IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronic

    10 W-level gain-switched all-fiber laser at 2.8 ÎŒm

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    We report a simply designed gain-switched all-fiber laser emitting a maximum average output power of 11.2 W at 2.826 ÎŒm. The corresponding extracted pulse energy is 80 ÎŒJ at a pulse duration of 170 ns. These performances significantly surpass previous gain-switched demonstrations and are close to the state-of-the-art Q-switched laser performances near 2.8 ÎŒm, but with a much simpler and robust all-fiber design. The spliceless laser cavity is made of a heavily erbium-doped fluoride glass fiber and is bounded by fiber Bragg gratings written directly in the gain fiber through the protective polymer coating

    Dysprosium-doped silica fiber as saturable absorber for mid-infrared pulsed all-fiber lasers

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    We report on a mid-infrared Q-switched erbium-doped all-fiber laser using a dysprosium-doped silica fiber as saturable absorber for the first time in this wavelength range. Moreover, we demonstrate the use of a highly reflective chirped fiber Bragg grating written in a silica fiber as the input coupler for such lasers. This Q-switched all-fiber laser generates a stable pulse train centered at 2798 nm with a maximum average power of 670 mW at a repetition rate of 140 kHz with a pulse duration of 240 ns and a pulse energy of 4.9 ”J

    Barotraumatisme chez les poissons d’eau douce et impact de la perforation de la vessie natatoire pour en rĂ©duire les effets

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    Le barotraumatisme est un phĂ©nomĂšne qui se manifeste chez les poissons capturĂ©s Ă  la pĂȘche Ă  de grandes profondeurs. Il engendre gĂ©nĂ©ralement un gonflement excessif de la vessie natatoire, l’exophtalmie (yeux exorbitĂ©s) ou l’expulsion partielle des viscĂšres du poisson et peut causer la mort. Pour amĂ©liorer la survie des poissons relĂąchĂ©s, certains pĂȘcheurs pratiquent la perforation de la vessie natatoire (ou fizzing) pour en relĂącher les gaz et ensuite permettre au poisson de regagner le fond. Le prĂ©sent projet avait pour but de documenter la prĂ©valence des barotraumatismes, le taux de mortalitĂ© qu’ils engendrent et l’efficacitĂ© de la perforation de la vessie natatoire comme mĂ©thode d’attĂ©nuation des effets du choc baromĂ©trique. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que, lorsque pĂȘchĂ©s Ă  des profondeurs excĂ©dant 5 m, le tiers des dorĂ©s et des achigans capturĂ©s Ă  la pĂȘche rĂ©crĂ©ative prĂ©sentent des symptĂŽmes de barotraumatisme et jusqu’à 20 % des individus risquent d’en mourir. La profondeur de la capture influence positivement la prĂ©valence et la gravitĂ© des symptĂŽmes de choc baromĂ©trique. Les rĂ©sultats de la mĂ©thode de perforation de la vessie natatoire se sont avĂ©rĂ©s mitigĂ©s et suggĂšrent que l’intervention peut augmenter la survie des poissons uniquement lorsque pratiquĂ©e dans des conditions optimales, ce qui est rarement le cas en situation de pĂȘche rĂ©crĂ©ative. De plus, l’intervention s’avĂšre frĂ©quemment inefficace pour soulager les symptĂŽmes de barotraumatisme et peut engendrer des dommages et des lĂ©sions lĂ©tales Ă  moyen terme. Il est donc recommandĂ© de ne pas pratiquer la perforation de la vessie natatoire, et ce, peu importe les circonstances. Des recommandations ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© Ă©mises pour rĂ©duire les risques de barotraumatisme et la mortalitĂ© qui en dĂ©coule

    PĂȘche hivernale : comparaison de l’efficacité de différentes méthodes pour la capture du doré et de la perchaude

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    Depuis le 1er avril 2017, il est interdit d’utiliser et de possĂ©der des poissons appĂąts vivants en saison hivernale. Par consĂ©quent, plusieurs adeptes de la pĂȘche sur la glace doivent adapter leur pratique. Afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  leurs interrogations, une Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă  l’hiver 2018. Le projet avait pour but de cibler les meilleures mĂ©thodes de pĂȘche autres que celle des poissons appĂąts vivants pour la capture du dorĂ© et de la perchaude en saison hivernale. Pour ce faire, une sĂ©rie d’expĂ©riences a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e sur trois plans d’eau du sud-ouest de la province de QuĂ©bec, soit le lac Saint-Pierre, le lac Saint-Louis et le lac Champlain (baie Missisquoi). Pour deux techniques de pĂȘche, la brimbale et la dandinette, diffĂ©rents appĂąts naturels et leurres artificiels autorisĂ©s dans ces plans d’eau et disponibles dans le commerce au dĂ©tail ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s dans le but d’évaluer le succĂšs de pĂȘche. De façon complĂ©mentaire, la survie Ă  la remise Ă  l’eau a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e chez les dorĂ©s capturĂ©s au lac Saint-Pierre et comparĂ©e entre les mĂ©thodes de pĂȘche utilisĂ©es. À la brimbale, plus de la moitiĂ© des dorĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© capturĂ©s Ă  l’aide du poisson appĂąt mort congelĂ© sans traitement particulier. À la dandinette, pour la pĂȘche au dorĂ©, le poisson nageur Ă  action verticale et la cuillĂšre, tous deux munis d’un appĂąt naturel, ont Ă©tĂ© les catĂ©gories de leurres les plus efficaces. Pour la pĂȘche Ă  la perchaude, l’efficacitĂ© des leurres testĂ©s diffĂ©rait entre les deux plans d’eau visitĂ©s pour les deux techniques de pĂȘche. Au lac Champlain, les brimbales appĂątĂ©es avec des vers rouges ont Ă©tĂ© les plus efficaces, rĂ©coltant 40 % des captures, alors qu’au lac Saint-Louis, les poissons appĂąts congelĂ©s sans traitement ont Ă©tĂ© les plus attractifs avec 32 % des captures. À la dandinette, la nymphe des glaces munie d’un asticot a Ă©tĂ© la plus efficace au lac Champlain tandis que la cuillĂšre munie d’un appĂąt naturel a Ă©tĂ© meilleure au lac Saint-Louis. Ces rĂ©sultats opposĂ©s s’expliqueraient par le fait qu’il y a une plus grande proportion de perchaudes de grande taille au lac Saint-Louis qu’au lac Champlain, et que ces derniĂšres ont une alimentation davantage piscivore. À la dandinette, la majoritĂ© des catĂ©gories de leurres artificiels testĂ©s ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ©, Ă  des degrĂ©s diffĂ©rents, de l’ajout d’un appĂąt naturel en termes de succĂšs de pĂȘche. C’est la cuillĂšre qui a profitĂ© le plus de cet ajout, et ce, pour la capture du dorĂ© et de la perchaude. La survie des dorĂ©s remis Ă  l’eau a Ă©tĂ©, quant Ă  elle, trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e (95,3 %) en pĂ©riode hivernale, et ce, peu importe la taille des poissons, la technique de capture et le type de leurre utilisĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette Ă©tude confirment l’efficacitĂ© de plusieurs mĂ©thodes de pĂȘche en saison hivernale pour la capture du dorĂ© et de la perchaude

    Gene expression relationship between prostate cancer cells of Gleason 3, 4 and normal epithelial cells as revealed by cell type-specific transcriptomes

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    Background: Prostate cancer cells in primary tumors have been typed CD10(-)/CD13(-)/CD24(hi)/CD26(+)/CD38(lo)/CD44(-)/CD104(-). This CD phenotype suggests a lineage relationship between cancer cells and luminal cells. The Gleason grade of tumors is a descriptive of tumor glandular differentiation. Higher Gleason scores are associated with treatment failure. Methods: CD26(+) cancer cells were isolated from Gleason 3+3 (G3) and Gleason 4+4 (G4) tumors by cell sorting, and their gene expression or transcriptome was determined by Affymetrix DNA array analysis. Dataset analysis was used to determine gene expression similarities and differences between G3 and G4 as well as to prostate cancer cell lines and histologically normal prostate luminal cells. Results: The G3 and G4 transcriptomes were compared to those of prostatic cell types of non-cancer, which included luminal, basal, stromal fibromuscular, and endothelial. A principal components analysis of the various transcriptome datasets indicated a closer relationship between luminal and G3 than luminal and G4. Dataset comparison also showed that the cancer transcriptomes differed substantially from those of prostate cancer cell lines. Conclusions: Genes differentially expressed in cancer are potential biomarkers for cancer detection, and those differentially expressed between G3 and G4 are potential biomarkers for disease stratification given that G4 cancer is associated with poor outcomes. Differentially expressed genes likely contribute to the prostate cancer phenotype and constitute the signatures of these particular cancer cell types.National Institutes of Health (NIH)[CA111244]National Institutes of Health (NIH)[CA98699]National Institutes of Health (NIH)[CA85859]National Institutes of Health (NIH)[DK63630][P50-GMO-76547
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