SELECTION OF DESIGN APPROACH FOR DESIGNING SPREAD FOUNDATONS IN OUR REGION ACCORDING TO EUROCODE 7

Abstract. The existing civil engineering standards for designing are to be replaced with a set of Eurocodes. Eurocode 7 is related to a geotechnical design, but its imple­men­ta­tion is difficult, due to different geological, geographical and climate conditions which lead to development of different local designing traditions all over Europe. In order to overcome them, Eurocode 7 offers three design approaches and sets of partial factors to be used within. After accepting it, each country has to declare on the selection of design approach according to which designing is going to be performed and to define appropriate partial factors. This paper presents metho­do­lo­gy for selection of appropriate design approach for spread foundations in our region where the process of introduction of Eurocodes is still active. The method based on keeping up with the similar designing procedure may also be used for other geotechnical structures.Key words: Eurocode 7, geotechnical design, design approach, spread foundations

Environmental and stability aspects of excavation in landslide zone at a coal mine "Suvodol" - R.Macedonia

On a NE part of coal mine "Suvodol", near town Bitola in R.Macedonia, during longer time, a landslide with enormous length and volume exists. Its occurrence is connected with a process of sliding, which happened in several phases, with initial signs of sliding in 1993. The moment of global instability happened on a 27.10.1995. Till now, several phases of reactivation are known. Its volume is about 30 000 000 m3. As a result of mass movements, about 8 000 000 tones of coal is concentrated (blocked) at the toe of the landslide. Upper of the main scarp, spaced about 250 meters, the earth-fill dam with a length of about 1000 meters exists. The ground water artesian effects are also present. At the toe of the landslide, the coal is partially involved in a process of selfburning and it produces environmental not friendly gases. The stability of the sliding during 2007 was near limit equilibrium. All this aspects shows a very specific combination of natural and manmade elements that control the stability of the environment at this part of coal mine. Having this in mind, the specific approach used in an excavation at the toe of sliding mass, with parallel supporting (always near limit equilibrium) is shown briefly. The results from the stability tests, with some specific comments, are summarized in this paper

Stability Aspects of Excavations in Landslide Zone for a Coal mine “Suvodol” - R.Macedonia

The paper presents some elements of stability aspects and approach used for excavation at the toe of the large landslide which exists on a NE part of coal mine "Suvodol" in R.Macedonia. Its volume is about 30,000,000 m3. Upper of the main scarp, the earth-fill dam with a length of about 1000 meters exists. As a result of mass movements, about 8,000,000 tonnes of coal is blocked at the toe of the landslide. After a longer time of exposition to the air, the crushed coal is partially involved in a process of self-burning. Specific combination of natural and man-made elements that control the stability of the area and specific methodology used for an excavation at the toe of sliding mass is shortly explained. The results from the stability analyses, risks scenarios, some specific comments and recommendations, are summarized in this paper. Some specific comments are also given

Basic geotechnical parameters of metallic mineral deposits in the Republic of Macedonia

This paper deals with the analysis of basic geotechnical properties of monolithic rock samples from several metallic mineral deposits in the Republic of Macedonia. Namely, results from geotechnical investigation on samples from the deposits of Ilovica, Borov Dol, Kazan Dol, Plavica, Kadiica and Bu�im were subject of the work presented herein. Over 800 different geotechnical tests have been performed on samples from different depths and zones of these deposits. The most frequently performed basic tests during geotechnical investigation phases included:point load index tests, unconfined compression tests, unit and specific weight, porosity, shear strength along joints. All data is statistically analyzed and certain conclusions for different geotechnical parameters are achieved. Special attention is paid to the vertical distribution of the parameter’s values, since this is of greatest interest for the mining planning and processes. Differences among certain deposits are discussed and certain conclusions and recommendations for further investigations are presented. We note that this is a first attempt to analyze such amount of geotechnical data from metallic mineral deposits in Macedonia, and the herein presented correlations are to be updated as new data is collected. Key words: geotechnical properties; metallic mineral deposits; statistical analysis; vertical distributio

Calibration of the rutting model in HDM 4 on the highway network in Macedonia

The World Bank HDM 4 model is adopted in many countries worldwide. It is consisted of the developed models for almost all types of deformation on the pavement structures, but it can’t be used as it is developed everywhere in the world without proper adjustments to local conditions such as traffic load, climate, construction specificities, maintenance level etc. This paper presents the results of the researches carried out in Macedonia for determining calibration coefficient of the rutting model in HDM 4

Calibration of the rutting model in HDM 4 on the highway network in Macedonia

The World Bank HDM 4 model is adopted in many countries worldwide. It is consisted of the developed models for almost all types of deformation on the pavement structures, but it can’t be used as it is developed everywhere in the world without proper adjustments to local conditions such as traffic load, climate, construction specificities, maintenance level etc. This paper presents the results of the researches carried out in Macedonia for determining calibration coefficient of the rutting model in HDM 4

Calibration of the rutting model in HDM 4 on the highway network in Macedonia

The World Bank HDM 4 model is adopted in many countries worldwide. It is consisted of the developed models for almost all types of deformation on the pavement structures, but it can’t be used as it is developed everywhere in the world without proper adjustments to local conditions such as traffic load, climate, construction specificities, maintenance level etc. This paper presents the results of the researches carried out in Macedonia for determining calibration coefficient of the rutting model in HDM 4