Composition and antioxidant activity of <i>Senecio nudicaulis</i> Wall. ex DC. (Asteraceae): a medicinal plant growing wild in Himachal Pradesh, India

<div><p>The composition of essential oil isolated from <i>Senecio nudicaulis</i> Wall. ex DC. growing wild in Himachal Pradesh, India, was analysed, for the first time, by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry. A total of 30 components representing 95.3% of the total oil were identified. The essential oil was characterised by a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (54.97%) with caryophyllene oxide (24.99%) as the major component. Other significant constituents were humulene epoxide-II (21.25%), α-humulene (18.75%), β-caryophyllene (9.67%), <i>epi</i>-α-cadinol (2.90%), <i>epi</i>-α-muurolol (2.03%), β-cedrene (1.76%), longiborneol (1.76%), 1-tridecene (1.16%) and citronellol (1.13%). The oil was screened for antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide-scavenging assay. The oil was found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide radicals with IC₅₀ values of 10.61 ± 0.14 μg mL^− 1, 11.85 ± 0.28 μg mL^− 1 and 11.29 ± 0.42 μg mL^− 1, respectively.</p></div

[3 + 2]-Annulations of <i>N</i>‑Hydroxy Allenylamines with Nitrosoarenes: One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted Indole Products

In the presence of O₂ and an IPrCuCl additive (5 mol %), [3 + 2]-annulation reactions of <i>N</i>-hydroxyaniline with nitrosobenzenes in cold toluene form isoxazolidin-5-ol derivatives. Heating the same reaction mixture with DBU in toluene affords highly functionalized indole products efficiently. This method provides short synthesis of several bioactive molecules including WIN 48098, WIN 53365, and JWH 015

Effect of organics, biofertilizers and crop residue application on soil microbial activity in rice – wheat and rice-wheat mungbean cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic plains

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil microbial parameters to nutrient management practices involving organic amendments, farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), crop residues (CR) and biofertilizers (BF) in rice–wheat and rice–wheat–mung bean cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. Soil microbial biomass C (C_mic), basal respiration, ergosterol, glomalin, soil enzymes (glucosidases, phosphatases and dehydrogenases), FDA activity, organic carbon (C_org), C_mic-to-C_org ratio and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) were estimated in soil samples collected at 0–15 cm depth. The highest C_org (0.64%) and C_mic (103.8 μg g⁻¹) soil levels occurred in the treatment receiving a combination of VC, CR and BF. Soil respiration, C_org and C_mic-to-C_org ratio were significantly enhanced by the input of CR to plots receiving FYM and VC. The qCO₂ was the highest in plots receiving a combination of FYM, CR and BF followed by control (no nutrient input) and least in plots receiving a combination of VC, crop residue and biofertilizer. These results indicate that the organic practices involving VC, CR and BF improved soil microbial characteristics and C_org in rice–wheat systems.</p

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of <i>Nepeta graciliflora</i> Benth. (Lamiaceae)

<p>The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from aerial parts of <i>Nepeta graciliflora</i> was analysed, for the first time, by GC–FID and GC–MS. A total of 27 compounds were identified, constituting over 91.44% of oil composition. The oil was strongly characterised by sesquiterpenes (86.72%), with <i>β</i>-sesquiphellandrene (28.75%), caryophyllene oxide (12.15%), <i>α</i>-bisabolol (8.97%), <i>α</i>-bergamotene (8.51%), <i>β</i>-bisabolene (6.33%) and <i>β</i>-Caryophyllene (5.34%) as the main constituents. The <i>in vitro</i> activity of the essential oil was determined against four micro-organisms in comparison with chloramphenicol by the agar well diffusion and broth dilution method. The oil exhibited good activity against all tested organisms.</p

Chemical constituents from rhizomes of <i>Cautleya spicata</i> (Sm.) Baker (Zingiberaceae)

<p>The chemical investigation of ethanolic extract from rhizomes of <i>Cautleya spicata</i> (Sm.) Baker (Zingiberaceae) has resulted in the isolation of eight compounds which were characterised as β-sitosterol (<b>1</b>), β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (<b>2</b>), bergapten (<b>3</b>), zerumin A (<b>4</b>), (E)-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (<b>5</b>), kaempferol (<b>6</b>), quercetin (<b>7</b>) and astragalin (<b>8</b>). All compounds were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. This paper describes the first phytochemical work on <i>C. spicata</i>.</p

Optoelectrical Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂)Ferroelectric Memories

In this study, we fabricated and tested electronic and memory properties of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on monolayer or few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) on a lead zirconium titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃, PZT) substrate that was used as a gate dielectric. MoS₂–PZT FETs exhibit a large hysteresis of electronic transport with high ON/OFF ratios. We demonstrate that the interplay of polarization and interfacial phenomena strongly affects the electronic behavior and memory characteristics of MoS₂–PZT FETs. We further demonstrate that MoS₂–PZT memories have a number of advantages and unique features compared to their graphene-based counterparts as well as commercial ferroelectric random-access memories (FeRAMs), such as nondestructive data readout, low operation voltage, wide memory window and the possibility to write and erase them both electrically and optically. This dual optoelectrical operation of these memories can simplify the device architecture and offer additional practical functionalities, such as an instant optical erase of large data arrays that is unavailable for many conventional memories

Structure-making behaviour of L-arginine in aqueous solution of drug ketorolac tromethamine: volumetric, compressibility and viscometric studies

<p>In this work, density <i>ρ</i>, speed of sound <i>u</i> and viscosity <i>η</i>, were measured for L-arginine in aqueous ketorolac tromethamine solutions at various temperatures (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K) and at atmospheric pressure. Apparent molar volume <i>V_Φ</i>, limiting apparent molar volume <i>V°_Φ</i>, limiting apparent molar volume of transfer <i>V°_Φ,tr</i>, limiting molar expansivity <i>E°_Φ</i>, Hepler’s constant <math><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mi>Φ</mi></msub><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mi>∂</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></mrow><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></math>and hydration number <i>n_H</i> were obtained using density data. Apparent molar isentropic compression <i>K_Φ,S</i>, limiting apparent molar isentropic compression <i>K°_Φ,S</i>, limiting apparent molar isentropic compression of transfer <i>K°_Φ,S,tr</i> and hydration number <i>n_H</i> were obtained using speed of sound data. Jones–Dole coefficient-B <i>B</i>, viscosity B-coefficients of transfer <i>B_tr</i>, variation of <i>B</i> with temperature (<math><mi>d</mi><mi>B</mi><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>T</mi></math>), free energy of activation of viscous flow per mole of solvent <i>Δμ°^#₂</i> and per mole of solute <i>Δμ°^#₁</i> were obtained from viscosity data. The obtained results are discussed in terms of solute–solvent interactions in these systems.</p

Gold-Catalyzed [4 + 1]-Annulation Reactions between 1,4-Diyn-3-ols and Isoxazoles To Construct a Pyrrole Core

This work reports gold-catalyzed [4 + 1]-annulation reactions between 1,4-diyn-3-ols and isoxazoles or benzisoxazoles to yield pyrrole derivatives. The reaction chemoselectivity is controlled by an initial attack of an isoxazole at a less hindered alkyne to form gold carbenes, further inducing a 1,2-migration of a second alkyne group. A broad substrate scope of 1,4-diyn-3-ols, isoxazoles and even benzisoxazoles highlighted the reaction utility

Additional file 1 of Novel lncRNAs LINC01221, RP11-472G21.2 and CRNDE are markers of differential expression in pediatric patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Supplementary Material

Room-Temperature Negative Differential Resistance in Graphene Field Effect Transistors: Experiments and Theory

In this paper we demonstrate experimentally and discuss the negative differential resistance (NDR) in dual-gated graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) at room temperature for various channel lengths, ranging from 200 nm to 5 μm. The GFETs were fabricated using chemically vapor-deposited graphene with a top gate oxide down to 2.5 nm of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). We originally explain and demonstrate with systematic simulations that the onset of NDR occurs in the unipolar region itself and that the main mechanism behind NDR is associated with the competition between the specific field dependence of carrier density and the drift velocity in GFET. Finally, we show experimentally that NDR behavior can still be obtained with devices of higher EOTs; however, this comes at the cost of requiring higher bias values and achieving lower NDR level