Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in a Driven Sandpile Model

We construct a driven sandpile slope model and study it by numerical simulations in one dimension. The model is specified by a threshold slope \sigma_c\/, a parameter \alpha\/, governing the local current-slope relation (beyond threshold), and $j_{\rm in}$, the mean input current of sand. A nonequilibrium phase diagram is obtained in the \alpha\, -\, j_{\rm in}\/ plane. We find an infinity of phases, characterized by different mean slopes and separated by continuous or first-order boundaries, some of which we obtain analytically. Extensions to two dimensions are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX (preprint format), 4 figures available upon requs

EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN INDIAN BANKING

This paper attempts to examine technical efficiency and productivity performance of Indian scheduled commercial banks, for the period 1979-2008. We model a multiple output/multiple input technology production frontier using semiparametric estimation methods. The endogenity of multiple outputs is addressed by semi parametric estimates in part by introducing multivariate kernel estimators for the joint distribution of the multiple outputs and correlated random effects. Output is measured as the rupee value of total loans and total investments at the end of the year. The estimates provide robust inferences of the productivity and efficiency gains due to economic reforms.Banking, Frontier efficiency, Productivity

Organotin(IV) & Organoxytitanium(IV) Diphenyl Phosphinates

463-46

N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylarnine & Cyclohexanol Derivatives of Ti(IV)*

132-13

Evolution of early continental crust

The present article reviews the evolution of continental crust since the time the earth began to inscribe a permanent history in rocks of the cratonic nuclei. The existence of a sialic crust prior to 4200 Ma ago, soon after the permobile stage of the earth, is documented by detrital zircon in the Precambrian metaconglomerate of Neyerer Complex, Western Australia. The evolution of Archaean crust (> 2500 Ma) is discussed in terms of currently used Nd model-age calculations, based on a depleted mantle evolutionary model. The model fits the generally accepted assumption that LREE depletion of the upper mantle commenced very early in the earth's history and that the present-day MORB is the best representative for the Nd-isotopic composition of today's depleted mantle. Finally, the mechanisms for growth or accretion of the continental crust and the incompatibility of thickened crust during Archaean time are discussed