CHARACTERISTICS OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI, ISOLATED FROM THE NASOPHARYNX OF HEALTHY AND AFFECTED CHILDREN IN VARNA AND DISTRICT OF VARNA

No abctract

How does dialect exposure affect learning to read and spell? An artificial orthography study

Correlational studies have demonstrated detrimental effects of exposure to a mismatch between a non-standard dialect at home and a mainstream variety at school on children’s literacy skills. However, dialect exposure often is confounded with reduced home literacy, negative teacher expectation and more limited educational opportunities. To provide proof of concept for a possible causal relationship between variety mismatch and literacy skills, we taught adult learners to read and spell an artificial language with or without dialect variants using an artificial orthography. In three experiments, we confirmed earlier findings that reading is more error-prone for contrastive words, i.e. words for which different variants exist in the input, especially when learners also acquire the joint meanings of these competing variants. Despite this contrastive deficit, no detriment from variety mismatch emerged for reading and spelling of untrained words, a task equivalent to non-word reading tests routinely administered to young school children. With longer training, we even found a benefit from variety mismatch on reading and spelling of untrained words. We suggest that such a dialect benefit in literacy learning can arise when competition between different variants leads learners to favour phonologically mediated decoding. Our findings should help to assuage educators’ concerns about detrimental effects of linguistic diversity

PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS OF SERA FROM RATS, INOCULATED WIТH INFLUENZA VIRUS ТУРЕ А2

Recently рарег electrophoresis is widely pгacticed to deteгmine the qualitative and quantitative changes in the pгotein fractions of blооd serum in animals inoculated with antigen-containing substances.In our pгevious studies an incгease was encountered of alpha-globulins in rats inoculated with influenza viгus at the expence of the albumin fraction. It was also established that the high aпtihemagglutination titгe does not always parallel with alpha-globulin increase. The present studies were initiated in order to prove whether such а regulaгity will bе obseгved also with stгains of influenza viгus isolated in 1963. These investigations are substantiated also bу the fact that strains isolated this уеаг exhibit loweг antihemagglutination titгes.Eighty medium aged аlbinо rats were used in the experimeпts and the influenza stгains isolated in Vaгna in 1963 (Panayotov, Mitov, Kaprelyan and Mitova et al.). The first group of rats included 6 subgroups of 10 rats each, inoculated with one of the influenza strains type A2 isolated in 1963. The second group comprised 10 rats from the same breeding inoculated with alantoic fluid which did not contain any influenza virus and the third group consisted of another 10 rats untreated and left under the same environmental conditions

Exposure to dialect variation in an artificial language prior to literacy training impairs reading of words with competing variants but does not affect decoding skills

Many bidialectal children grow up speaking a variety (e.g. a regional dialect) that differs from the variety in which they subsequently acquire literacy. Previous computational simulations and artificial literacy learning experiments with adults demonstrated lower accuracy in reading contrastive words for which dialect variants exist compared to non-contrastive words without dialect variants. At the same time, exposure to multiple varieties did not affect learners’ ability to phonologically decode untrained words; in fact, longer literacy training resulted in a benefit from dialect exposure as competing variants in the input may have increased reliance on grapheme-phoneme conversion. However, these previous experiments interleaved word learning and reading/spelling training, yet children typically acquire substantial oral language knowledge prior to literacy training. Here we used artificial literacy learning with adults to examine whether the previous findings replicate in an ecologically more valid procedure where word learning precedes literacy training. We also manipulated training conditions to explore interventions thought to be beneficial for literacy acquisition, such as providing explicit social cues for variety use and literacy training in both varieties. Our findings replicated the reduced accuracy for reading contrastive words in those learners who had successfully acquired the dialect variants prior to literacy training. This effect was exacerbated when literacy training also included dialect variation. Crucially, although no benefits from the interventions were found, dialect exposure did not affect reading and spelling of untrained words suggesting that phonological decoding skills can remain unaffected by the existence of multiple word form variants in a learner’s lexicon

THE PRESENCE OF SUGARS IN THE ALLANTOIC LIQUID OF HEN EMBRYOS INOCULATED WITH INFECTIVE MATERIAL FROM INFECTIOUS (VIRAL) HEPATITIS PATIENTS

No abstract

Unruptured left coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis and left ventricular inferior wall ischemia

Left coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare condition, and combination with aortic valve stenosis is veryun common. The diagnosis by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) could be difficult and can easily be interpreted as aortic root dilatation only. Even the computed tomography of the chest (CTscan) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) will not give a definite diagnosis unless we think of this pathology. We report a case of unruptured left coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (ULSVA) in 39-year-old male patient combined with stenosis of bicus pidaortic valve and complete heart block. He has a permanent pacemaker (PPM) implanted and was operated successfully with aortic valve replacement (AVR) and direct closure of the ULSVA

SEPARATORY QUANTITATIVE BACTERIURIA IN PYELONEPHRITIS

No abstract

BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL INVESТIGAТIONS ON IRRADIATED WIТH ULTRAVIOLET RАYS AND INFECTED WIТH GRIPPE VIRUS СНIСК EMBRYOS

The study of biochemical and morphological changes occurring under the combined effect (interaction) of vira and macroorganisms is an important рrоblem in virology. Biochemical investigations have been reported in literature under various aspects. Thus Voluiskaya  investigates the sugar in the pulmonary tissue of infected with grippe virus (GV) mice and finds out 20-50 % increase of sugar as compared to control animals. Tovarnitzki studies the biochemical alterations in experimentally produced grippe infection of white mice and comes to the conclusion that the pathological process in grippe conditions is generalized and involves а number of visceral organs and the central nervous system. Knight investigates the aminoacid content of the allantoic fluid (AF) in chick embryos (СЕ), not contaminated and contaminated with grippe virus. Killborne and Horsfall established аn increased protein content in the AF of the СЕ, infected with GV. Lutikova finds out an increase of the total nitrogen аnd phosphorus in the chorioallantoic membranes of СЕ, infected with GV. Panayotov studies in СЕ substrates, injected with different vira, the following indices: Ph, aminoacid content, рrеsеnсе of RNA аnd DNA, phosphatese activity, aldolasc, pyrophosphatase etc. The effect of ultraviolet rays (UVR) оn the GV has bееn investigated bу numerous authors. Thus Wells and Brown carry out follow-up studies on the effect of UVR upon aerosol of GV.Salk and associates (cited bу Levin - 20) investigates the action of the UVR on the virulence of the GV.Vaskhov, Rosiisky аnd Smorodintzev study the influence of UVR оn the  pulmonary  suspension, containing GV. Ermeev and Chalkina study the effect of UVR on purified GV, type А. Zakastelskaia proves the infectious аnd toxic action of the allantoic fluid containing GV. Manolova studies the effect of UVR оn purified and nоn purified grippe vira В, А and А-1. Rappoport, Dyhno and assoc., Panayotov and assoc., аnd Sfoyanov follow the morphological changes in СЕ treated with microorganisms.In the pertinent literature surveyed nо informations were found concerning the effect of UVR оn the СЕ infected with GV; hеnсе the study of the biochemical indices аnd pathohistological alterations in СЕ irradiated with UVR and infected with GV is of utmost interest.The purpose of the present work is determination of the biochemical characteristics, the presence of hemagglutination activity for the GV аnd the morphological alterations in the AF of the СЕ infected with GV

CHARACТERISТICS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS STRAINS, ISOLATED IN 1963 IN VARNA

In March 1963, 7 strains of influenza virus type А2 were isolated at the virological laboratory of the Higher Medical Institute - Vaгna from local inhabitants, suffering from influenza. Their etiologic signif icance in the disorders, observed in this period, was proved bу examination of the haemagglutination inhibtion test (Н.I.Т.) bу means of paired samples оfblооd sera, obtained from sick individuals as well as from those who have already suffered fгom the disease. In some оf the examined individuals а 4 аnd more fold rise in antibody titre was established.We set ourselves the task to investigate the antigenic structure of the isolated inflluenza virus stгains

ANTIGENIC UNITY BETWEEN PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS AND SOME BACTERIA AND VIRA

No abstract