IceCube Neutrinos from Hadronically Powered Gamma-Ray Galaxies

In this work we use a multi-messenger approach to determine if the high energy diffuse neutrino flux observed by the IceCube Observatory can originate from $\gamma$-ray sources powered by Cosmic Rays interactions with gas. Typical representatives of such sources are Starburst and Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies. Using the three most recent calculations of the non-blazar contribution to the extragalactic $\gamma$-ray background measured by the Fermi-LAT collaboration, we find that a hard power-law spectrum with spectral index $\alpha \leq 2.12$ is compatible with all the estimations for the allowed contribution from non-blazar sources, within 1$\sigma$. Using such a spectrum we are able to interpret the IceCube results, showing that various classes of hadronically powered $\gamma$-ray galaxies can provide the dominant contribution to the astrophysical signal above 100 TeV and about half of the contribution to the energy flux between 10-100 TeV. With the addition of neutrinos from the Galactic plane, it is possible to saturate the IceCube signal at high energy. Our result shows that these sources are still well motivated candidates.Comment: Accepted for publication on JCA

Emplacement of sandstone intrusions during contractional tectonics

Acknowledgments We acknowledge the support of sponsoring companies of Phase 3 of the Sand Injection Research Group (SIRG). We are very grateful to John Waldron and Jessica Ross for the constructive reviews of the manuscript. We also wish to thank and acknowledge the continuing help and access provided by the Bureau of Land Management.Peer reviewedPostprin

Extragalactic magnetic field constraints from ultra-high-energy cosmic rays from local galaxies

We interpret the correlation between local star-forming galaxy positions and ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) directions, recently detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO), in terms of physical parameters: the local density of sources and the magnetic fields governing the UHECR propagation. We include a Galactic magnetic field model on top of a random extragalactic magnetic field description to determine the level of UHECR deflections expected from an ensemble of source positions. Besides deflections in magnetic fields, we also take into account energy losses with background photon fields as well as spectrum and composition measurements by the PAO. We find consistency between the PAO anisotropy measurement and the local star-forming galaxy density for large extragalactic magnetic field strengths with $B > 0.2 \ \rm nG$ (for a coherence length of $1 \ \rm Mpc$) at the $5\sigma$ confidence level. Larger source densities lead to more isotropic background and consequently allow for weaker extragalactic magnetic fields. However, the acceleration of UHECR by such abundant sources is more challenging to motivate. Too large source densities and extragalactic magnetic field strengths, on the other hand, are also disfavored as that decreases the expected level of anisotropy. This leads to upper limits of $B < 22 \ \rm nG$ and $\rho_0 < 8.4 \cdot 10^{-2} \ \rm Mpc^{-3}$ at the 90\% confidence level.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, incl. appendices, accepted for publication in MNRA

The Tumey Giant Injection Complex, Tumey Hill, California (USA)

The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Shell Brazil and CNPq through the “BG05: UoAUFRGS-SWB Sedimentary Systems” project at UFRGS and UoA and the strategic importance of the support given by ANP through the R&D levy regulation. We also wish to thank the support from the Sand Injection Research Group (SIRG) and the researchers who collaborated during fieldwork. We also wish to thank the support and help of the Bureau of Land Management (CA) providing guidance and legal access to the study area.Postprin

Seismic imaging of complex geometry : Forward modeling of sandstone intrusions

We acknowledge the support of sponsoring companies of Phase 3 of the Sand Injection Research Group (SIRG). The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) are thanked for providing seismic data from Volund oil field. Also, we wish to acknowledge NORSAR Innovation AS for providing the academic licence for the SeisRoX software and the California Bureau of Land Management for facilitating access to the outcrop area.Peer reviewedPostprin

Understanding patient and caregiver perspectives using a dyad approach for data collection: A systematic review of the literature

Treatments outside of a clinical setting may be managed independently by the pediatric patient, independently by a caregiver, or by the patient and caregiver together. Best practices for pediatric clinical outcome assessment (COA) recommend patient-reported outcome (PRO) and/or observer-reported outcome (ObsRO) measures to assess the patient experience of a condition or its treatment. However, a dyad approach where patients and caregivers can complete assessments together may be useful for assessing a shared treatment experience that may not be adequately captured by a PRO and/or an ObsRO. A systematic, targeted literature review of empirical literature was conducted to identify and describe published studies detailing dyad patient-caregiver outcome reporting approaches. The search was run in the MEDLINE®, Embase, and PsycINFO® databases using the OvidSP platform and was limited to English-language studies published within 10 years of the conducted search on 28 September 2021, and 13 articles were selected for full-text review based on pre-specified criteria. Advantages and disadvantages for use of a dyad data collection approach are discussed. Though not appropriate for all settings, dyad data collection may be useful for situations where the best practice approach to measurement does not capture all relevant perspectives, or the use of PRO and ObsRO also does not comprehensively capture all relevant concepts. In following, it may offer a pragmatic solution that can minimize the use of proxy assessment and limit missing data, particularly in research involving a shared patient and caregiver treatment experience. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Staff & Provider Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://www.theberylinstitute.org/ExperienceFramework). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens

Sandstone-filled normal faults : A case study from central California

We acknowledge the support of sponsoring companies of Phase 3 of the Sand Injection Research Group (SIRG). We would like to thank Chris Morley and another anonymous reviewer for constructive comments, and the editor for efficient handling of this paper. We also wish to thank and acknowledge the continuing help and access provided by the Bureau of Land Management and in particular Greg Middleton without whose enthusiasm and support our research would have been much more challenging.Peer reviewedPostprin

Provenance and sedimentary context of clay mineralogy in an evolving forearc basin, Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene and Eocene mudstones, San Joaquin Valley, California

Funding Information: Funding: This research received part funding from the Sand Injection Research Group (SIRG) at the University of Aberdeen. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Grizzly, September 23, 1996

Internet Censorship Issue Addressed by Stefan Presser • Opinions: Life in a Determinist World; Are Guns Necessary? • Study Abroad to Have Fun and Learn • Get Moving: A Guide to the Benefits of Exercise • Anthonisen Exhibit Captures the Human Spirit • Bears Handle Diplomats • Men\u27s Soccer Wins First Conference Game • Women\u27s Soccer Wins First Game • Volleyball Wins Two Straight • Field Hockey Begins Patriot League Seasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1385/thumbnail.jp