BPS States on M5-brane in Large C-field Background

We extensively study BPS solutions of the low energy effective theory of M5-brane in large C-field background. This provides us an opportunity to explore the interactions turned on by C-field background through the Nambu-Poisson structure. The BPS states considered in this paper include the M-waves, the self-dual string (M2 ending on M5), tilted M5-brane, holomorphic embedding of M5-brane and the intersection of two M5-branes along a 3-brane.Comment: 25 pages, reference adde

Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction Investigation of Scaling Effects on Reliability for Through-Silicon Vias for 3-D Integration

Synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction has been applied to TSV characterization in various studies for nondestructive inspection with submicron resolution due to its high beam intensity and penetration depth. In this paper, the application of this technique to TSV investigations is examined and the correlation of the plastic deformation to the microstructure and extrusion behavior along with the effect of TSV dimensional scaling is examined. It is shown that the variability of the copper microstructure and resulting TSV behavior requires a larger number of samples in order to report statistically significant observations. The role of the microstructure in creating statistical scatter is demonstrated through microdiffraction measurements of grain orientation correlated with the observed peak widening, which shows that degraded TSV reliability is largely due to the high elastic anisotropy of copper. After taking the statistical variations into account, the scaling effect was clearly observed, with larger plastic deformation in 2μm diameter TSVs than in 5μm diameter TSVs consistent with microstructure variations. This is confirmed by TSV extrusion measurements, which show that the magnitude and statistical spread of the via extrusion for the 2μm diameter TSVs is higher than that of the 5μm diameter TSVs. These results, validated by thermomechanical simulation, demonstrate first that large sample sizes are required in copper TSV investigations due to high variability, which is not improved with scaling

Super-Yang-Mills and M5-branes

We uplift 5-dimensional super-Yang-Mills theory to a 6-dimensional gauge theory with the help of a space-like constant vector $\eta^M$, whose norm determines the Yang-Mills coupling constant. After the localization of $\eta^M$ the 6D gauge theory acquires Lorentzian invariance as well as scale invariance. We discuss KK states, instantons and the flux quantization. The 6D theory admits extended solutions like 1/2 BPS `strings' and monopoles.Comment: 15 pages; minor changes, to appear in JHE

A No-Go Theorem for M5-brane Theory

The BLG model for multiple M2-branes motivates an M5-brane theory with a novel gauge symmetry defined by the Nambu-Poisson structure. This Nambu-Poisson gauge symmetry for an M5-brane in large C-field background can be matched, on double dimension reduction, with the Poisson limit of the noncommutative gauge symmetry for a D4-brane in B-field background. Naively, one expects that there should exist a certain deformation of the Nambu-Poisson structure to match with the full noncommutative gauge symmetry including higher order terms. However, We prove the no-go theorem that there is no way to deform the Nambu-Poisson gauge symmetry, even without assuming the existence of a deformation of Nambu-Poisson bracket, to match with the noncommutative gauge symmetry in 4+1 dimensions to all order, regardless of how the double dimension reduction is implemented.Comment: v4: minor modifications

Longitudinal predictors of Chinese word reading and spelling among elementary grade students.

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More on the Nambu-Poisson M5-brane Theory: Scaling limit, background independence and an all order solution to the Seiberg-Witten map

We continue our investigation on the Nambu-Poisson description of M5-brane in a large constant C-field background (NP M5-brane theory) constructed in Refs.[1, 2]. In this paper, the low energy limit where the NP M5-brane theory is applicable is clarified. The background independence of the NP M5-brane theory is made manifest using the variables in the BLG model of multiple M2-branes. An all order solution to the Seiberg-Witten map is also constructed.Comment: expanded explanations, minor corrections and typos correcte

Nonabelian (2,0) Tensor Multiplets and 3-algebras

Using 3-algebras we obtain a nonabelian system of equations that furnish a representation of the (2,0)-supersymmetric tensor multiplet. The on-shell conditions are quite restrictive so that the system can be reduced to five-dimensional gauge theory along with six-dimensional abelian (2,0) tensor multiplets. We briefly discuss possible applications to D4-branes using a spacelike reduction and M5-branes using a null reduction.Comment: 17 pages, Latex; v2: Typos corrected and references adde

A Non-Abelian Self-Dual Gauge Theory in 5+1 Dimensions

We construct a non-Abelian gauge theory of chiral 2-forms (self-dual gauge fields) in 6 dimensions with a spatial direction compactified on a circle of radius R. It has the following two properties. (1) It reduces to the Yang-Mills theory in 5 dimensions for small R. (2) It is equivalent to the Lorentz-invariant theory of Abelian chiral 2-forms when the gauge group is Abelian. Previous no-go theorems prohibiting non-Abelian deformations of the chiral 2-form gauge theory are circumvented by introducing nonlocality along the compactified dimension.Comment: 23 pages, reference adde

The core components of reading instruction in Chinese

The present study aimed at identifying core components of reading instruction in Chinese within the framework of the tiered intervention model. A curriculum with four teaching components of cognitive-linguistic skills was implemented in a Program school for 3 years since Grade 1. The findings showed that the Tier 1 intervention was effective in enhancing the literacy and cognitive-linguistic skills of children in the Program school. The positive effects were maintained at the end of Grade 2. Progress in both word-level and text-level cognitive-linguistic skills predicted significantly progress in reading comprehension. Based on the present findings, the four core reading components in Chinese were proposed-oral language, morphological awareness, orthographic skills, and syntactic skills. Comparing the Big Five in English and the four core components in Chinese reflects different cognitive demands for reading diverse orthographies. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.postprin

Dp-branes, NS5-branes and U-duality from nonabelian (2,0) theory with Lie 3-algebra

We derive the super Yang-Mills action of Dp-branes on a torus T^{p-4} from the nonabelian (2,0) theory with Lie 3-algebra. Our realization is based on Lie 3-algebra with pairs of Lorentzian metric generators. The resultant theory then has negative norm modes, but it results in a unitary theory by setting VEV's of these modes. This procedure corresponds to the torus compactification, therefore by taking a transformation which is equivalent to T-duality, the Dp-brane action is obtained. We also study type IIA/IIB NS5-brane and Kaluza-Klein monopole systems by taking other VEV assignments. Such various compactifications can be realized in the nonabelian (2,0) theory, since both longitudinal and transverse directions can be compactified, which is different from the BLG theory. We finally discuss U-duality among these branes, and show that most of the moduli parameters in U-duality group are recovered. Especially in D5-brane case, the whole U-duality relation is properly reproduced.Comment: 1+26 page