Communities’ Perception and Expectations of CSR: Implication for Corporate-Community Relations

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has over time been a subject of cumulative interest among academics and business practitioners. This paper contributes to the discourse on CSR in the context of the Nigerian oil industry with regard to corporate-community relations. It specifically constitutes an assessment of CSR initiatives by multinational corporations (MNC) operating in the Niger Delta region and their impact on the traditional livelihoods of local communities. This study examines community perceptions, expectations and seeks to interpret the relationship between the host communities and the MNCs. This paper adopts a qualitative methodological approach, it provides empirical data through the use of twenty-eight semi-structured interviews and three focus groups. This is significant given that most of the research conducted into CSR in this region have been limited to descriptive and extensive theoretical explanations. Findings from the research suggest that the relationship between the host communities and the MNCs is a very complex one. The host communities perceive the MNCs as being unfair, insensitive to the plights, neglecting their responsibilities towards them and not meeting their expectations. It therefore concludes that the negative impacts of oil extractive activities on the local communities have triggered conflict and constant dissatisfaction with the MNC. Their expectation is that of mutual positive benefit. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Niger Delta, Multinational corporation, host communities DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-18-03 Publication date:June 30th 202

Sources of information on awareness and strategic management of green marketing in Southern Senatorial Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria

The study examines the sources of information on awareness and strategic management of green marketing in southern senatorial zone of Cross River State. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The stratified random and judgmental sampling design were used in the selection of 210 elements. The statistical data estimation was carried out using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis technique. The study established that there are significant relationships between television and radio sources of information toward awareness and strategic management of green marketing. The study recommended that television and radio media should be used to strongly encourage reportages, documentary film shows and footages, educational programs and discussion environmental issues in public and private own television and radio stations to enable the general public understand, appreciate and know much about the environment.Keywords: Strategic Management, Information, Sources of Information, Marketing, Green marketing, Cross River Stat

ANGEL INVESTING AND ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA

Many young people are becoming more innovative and have creative business ideas. Unfortunately, for new ventures, securing funding is often hard because of inadequate information between entrepreneurs and capital suppliers and partly because these entrepreneurs may have little business experience. As a result, different working relationships and contractual measures are used to deal with agency problems and to help the venture realize its potentials for value creation. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent to which new ventures have access to angel investors and to ascertain how angel investing can enhance the performance of new ventures in Nigeria. The studies used judgemental and convenience sampling techniques in selecting fifty (50) business owners in Calabar metropolis. Primary data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree was developed. The study surveyed only the owners or managers of the selected firms. The analysis revealed that most entrepreneurs are not familiar with angel investing. Most of the entrepreneurs were not knowledgeable on the role of angel investors neither do they personally know some angel investors. The findings of the research suggest that most of the entrepreneurs in Cross River State are novice on the concept of Angel Investing. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that more enlightenment should be created on angel investing for emerging entrepreneur