MINE RECLAMATION AND RESTORATION OF NATURE

Yurt dışında açık ocak madenciliği sonrasındaki doğa onarımı konusunda teorik ve uygulamaya yönelik çok sayıda çalışma olduğu halde bu konu, ülkemizde nisbeten yenidir ve konu ile ilgili olarak kullanılan tanım, terim ve sözcüklerde bir iç içe geçme dikkati çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak, ifade karmaşasını önlemek ve ortak bir terminoloji oluşturulmasına yardımcı olmak amacıyla dünya literatütünde kullanılan terimlerden ve tanımlardan bazıları açıklanarak anlatılacaktır. Daha sonra ise rekültivasyonun günümüz madenciliğindeki gerekliliği anlatılacaktır. Son kısımda ise doğa onarım kavramı işlenecek ve doğa onarımının aşamaları ayrıntılı olarak aktarılacaktır. Although there are many studies abroad that are forwarded to the theoretical and practical issues of nature restoration following open pit mining, this topic is relatively novel in our country and a complexity and an interference has been observed between definitions, words and terminology regarding the reclamation of mines. In this study, first of all, some of the worldwide terms and definitions will be explained here in order to prevent expression complication and to form a common terminology. Then, the necessity of mine reclamation will be told. In the latter part, the concept of nature restoration will be dealt and the phases of nature restoration will be profoundly stated

Analysis and management of risks experienced in tunnel construction

In this study, first of all, the definitions of "risk", "risk analysis", "risk assessment" and "risk management" were made to avoid any confusions about these terms, and significance of risk analysis and management in engineering projects was emphasized. Then, both qualitative and quantitative risk analysis techniques were mentioned and within the scope of the study, Event Tree Analysis method was selected in order to analyze the risks regarding TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) operations in tunnel construction. After all hazards that would be encountered during tunnel construction by TBM method had been investigated, those hazards were undergoing a Preliminary Hazard Analysis to sort out and prioritize the risks with high scores. When the risk scores were taken into consideration, it was seen that the hazards with high-risk scores could be classified into four groups that are excavation + support induced accidents, accidents stemming from geologic conditions, auxiliary works, and project contract. According to these four classified groups of initiating events, Event Tree Analysis was conducted by taking into care four countermeasures apart from each other. Finally, the quantitative and qualitative consequences of Event Tree Analyses, which were undertaken for all initiating events, were investigated and interpreted together by making comparisons and referring to previous studies