Field Theories on Null Manifolds

We argue that generic field theories defined on null manifolds should have an emergent BMS or conformal Carrollian structure. We then focus on a simple interacting conformal Carrollian theory, viz. Carrollian scalar electrodynamics. We look at weak (on-shell) and strong invariance (off-shell) of its equations of motion under conformal Carrollian symmetries. Helmholtz conditions are necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of equations to arise from a Lagrangian. We investigate whether the equations of motion of Carrollian scalar electrodynamics satisfy these conditions. Then we proposed an action for the electric sector of the theory. This action is the first example for an interacting conformal Carrollian Field Theory. The proposed action respects the finite and infinite conformal Carrollian symmetries in d = 4. We calculate conserved charges corresponding to these finite and infinite symmetries and then rewrite the conserved charges in terms of the canonical variables. We finally compute the Poisson brackets for these charges and confirm that infinite Carrollian conformal algebra is satisfied at the level of charges

Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of the corm of Stephania hernandifolia (Willd.) Walp.

The aim of the study is to cover the pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of the corm of Stephania hernandifolia (Willd.) Walp. Stephania hernandifolia (Willd.) Walp. belonging to the family Menispermaceae is a natural taxon. The plant was collected from the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India, during summer and was authenticated by the botanist. Pharmacognostical study included macroscopical characters, microscopical characters, physico-chemical constants and fluorescence analysis. Preliminary phytochemical screening includes phytochemical extraction, phytochemical testing and thin layer chromatography (TLC). In macroscopical studies of the corm, it was found that, it’s shape was spherical, size was about 8 to 20 cm in length and 10 to 20 cm broad, colour was brown (Rusty), surface was rough, odour was not specific, taste was bitter, direction of growth was vertical, the surface has many circular and slightly raised spots. In microscopical studies of corm, it were found that it has periderm, vascular bundles, thin phelloderm cells, ground parenchymatous cells, dense masses of starch grains and wide circular secretory cavities were seen. In powder microscopy, sclereids and vessel elements have been observed with short sclerenchyma. Physico-chemical parameters like total ash value (13 % w/w), acid insoluble ash value (2.66 %w/w), water-soluble ash value (2.50 %w/w) and sulphated ash value (3.33 %w/w) were observed. Alcohol soluble extractive value (7.23 %w/w), water-soluble extractive value (10.84 %w/w) were also observed and loss on drying was observed as 2.50 %w/w. The foaming index was found to be 111.11. Preliminary phytochemical studies show the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, Steroids, Saponin, tannin and phenolic compounds flavanoids, and lignin in ethanolic extract and carbohydrates, Saponin, tannin and phenolic compounds flavanoids, and lignin in aqueous extract. Performing TLC of ethanolic extract using chloroform: ethanol (30:70) and methanol: water (70: 30) as solvent system, few spots were identified. The study helps in the correct identification of the plant. The presence of alkaloids and flavanoids explains that the plant must have valuable medicinal properties which must be explored

Voltage Controlled Integrator and Linear Quadrature-VCO Using MMCC

A Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) based on the new multiplication-mode current conveyor (MMCC) building block is presented. The oscillator is realized using a double integrator loop (DIL) where a linear frequency (fo) versus the control voltage (Vc) tuning characteristics with quadrature sinusoid signal generation in a range of 40 kHz ≤ fo≤ 700  kHz had been experimentally verified. The fo─ sensitivity is low while the frequency stability factor (Sf >>1) is high at satisfactory values of total harmonic distortion (THD ≈ 1.11%)

Voltage Controlled Integrator and Linear Quadrature-VCO Using MMCC

A Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) based on the new multiplication-mode current conveyor (MMCC) building block is presented. The oscillator is realized using a double integrator loop (DIL) where a linear frequency (fo) versus the control voltage (Vc) tuning characteristics with quadrature sinusoid signal generation in a range of 40  kHz ≤ fo≤ 700   kHz had been experimentally verified. The fo─ sensitivity is low while the frequency stability factor (Sf >>1) is high at satisfactory values of total harmonic distortion (THD ≈ 1.11%)

CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS IN FOLLICULAR FLUID OF GROWING FOLLICLES

The present study was undertaken in goat ovaries to study the changes in mineral content of follicular fluid during growth and maturation of follicles. Goat ovaries were procured from local slaughterhouse. The diameter of surface follicles was measured and grouped into small (< 5 mm) and large (≥ 5 mm). From these follicles the fluid was aspirated and after centrifugation and dilution was estimated for Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn using atomic absorption spectorphotometer (AAS). It was found that the concentrations of Na and Ca were significantly higher in large follicle (199.41 ± 6.13 mEq/L and 6.44 ± 0.57 mEq/L respectively) as compared to small follicles (155.43 ± 4.2 mEq/L and 6.07 ± 0.07 % respectively). The concentrations of K, Zn and Fe were significantly higher in small follicles (21.36 ± 0.98 mEq/L, 2.79 ± 0.03 % and 5.99 ± 0.07 % respectively) as compared to large follicles (15.06 ± 1.3 mEq/L, 1.98 ± 0.03 % and 2.25 ± 0.01 % respectively). The levels of Mg, Mn and Cu did not differ significantly between small and large follicles. This study emphasizes the changes of minerals in folliculogenesis of goats

Instruments of RT-2 Experiment onboard CORONAS-PHOTON and their test and evaluation V: Onboard software, Data Structure, Telemetry and Telecommand

The onboard software and data communication in the RT-2 Experiment onboard the Coronas-Photon satellite is organized in a hierarchical way to effectively handle and communicate asynchronous data generated by the X-ray detectors. A flexible data handling system is organized in the X-ray detector packages themselves and the processing electronic device, namely RT-2/E, has the necessary intelligence to communicate with the 3 scientific payloads by issuing commands and receiving data. It has direct interfacing with the Satellite systems and issues commands to the detectors and processes the detector data before sending to the satellite systems. The onboard software is configured with several novel features like a) device independent communication scheme, b) loss-less data compression and c) Digital Signal Processor. Functionality of the onboard software along with the data structure, command structure, complex processing scheme etc. are discussed in this paper.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy (in press

The peculiar WAT NGC 2329 with Seyfert/FR I-like radio lobes

We report the complex radio properties of the radio galaxy NGC 2329 that resides in the centre of the galaxy cluster Abell 569. For this study, we have used archival data from the Very Large Array (VLA) at various resolutions and frequencies, as well as the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). While the wide-angle tailed (WAT) Fanaroff-Riley type I (FR I) radio morphology of the source has been discussed widely in the literature, the nature of the inner lobes has not been as widely discussed. In particular, we note that the inner lobes resemble the bubble-like radio structures observed in Seyfert galaxies. Polarization-sensitive data from the VLA clearly show magnetic field structures consistent with FR Is for the outer lobes and Seyferts for the inner lobes in NGC 2329. FR Is are classified as radio-loud (RL) active galactic nuclei (AGN) and Seyferts as radio-quiet (RQ) AGN, making this source unique. The VLBA shows a one-sided radio jet suggesting a relativistic pc-scale outflow, leading into the inner lobes. Electron lifetime estimates suggest that the outer FR I-like lobes are nearly twice as old (~45 Myr) as the inner Seyfert-like lobes (~25 Myr). Gas inflow in this merging cluster seems to have rejuvenated the AGN about ~25 Myr ago, and may have caused a change in the accretion disc state. The complex composite radio morphology of NGC 2329 suggests that the RL/RQ dichotomy is a function of time in the lifecycle of an AGN

RT-2 Detection of Quasi-Periodic Pulsations in the 2009 July 5 Solar Hard X-ray Flare

We present the results of an analysis of hard X-ray observations of the C2.7 solar flare detected by the RT-2 Experiment onboard the Coronas - Photon satellite. We detect hard X-ray pulsations at periods of ~12 s and ~15 s. We find a marginal evidence for a decrease in period with time. We have augmented these results using the publicly available data from the RHESSI satellite. We present a spectral analysis and measure the spectral parameters.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures and 3 tables, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa