9,703 research outputs found
Curvature-induced symmetry breaking in nonlinear Schrodinger models
We consider a curved chain of nonlinear oscillators and show that the
interplay of curvature and nonlinearity leads to a symmetry breaking when an
asymmetric stationary state becomes energetically more favorable than a
symmetric stationary state. We show that the energy of localized states
decreases with increasing curvature, i.e. bending is a trap for nonlinear
excitations. A violation of the Vakhitov-Kolokolov stability criterium is found
in the case where the instability is due to the softening of the Peierls
internal mode.Comment: 4 pages (LaTex) with 6 figures (EPS
Lattice stretching bistability and dynamic heterogeneity
A simple one-dimensional lattice model is suggested to describe the
experimentally observed plateau in force-stretching diagrams for some
macromolecules. This chain model involves the nearest-neighbor interaction of a
Morse-like potential (required to have a saturation branch) and an harmonic
second-neighbor coupling. Under an external stretching applied t o the chain
ends, the intersite Morse-like potential results in the appearance of a
double-well potential within each chain monomer, whereas the interaction
between the second neighbors provide s a homogeneous bistable (degenerate)
ground state, at least within a certain part of the chain.
As a result, different conformational changes occur in the chain under the
external forcing. The transition regions between these conformations are
described as topological solitons. With a strong second-neighbor interaction,
the solitons describe the transition between the bistable ground states.
However, the key point of the model is the appearance of a heterogenous
structure, when the second-neighbor coupling is sufficiently weak. In this
case, a part of the chain has short bonds with a single-well potential, whereas
the complementary part admits strongly stretched bonds with a double-well
potential. This case allows us to explain the existence of a plateau in the
force-stretching diagram for DNA and alpha-helix protein. Finally, the soliton
dynamics are studied in detail.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. E, 13 figure
Discovery of TUG-770: a highly potent free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist for treatment of type 2 diabetes
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1 or GPR40) enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and currently attracts high interest as a new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We here report the discovery of a highly potent FFA1 agonist with favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The compound efficiently normalizes glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice, an effect that is fully sustained after 29 days of chronic dosing
Separation of variables for a lattice integrable system and the inverse problem
We investigate the relation between the local variables of a discrete
integrable lattice system and the corresponding separation variables, derived
from the associated spectral curve. In particular, we have shown how the
inverse transformation from the separation variables to the discrete lattice
variables may be factorised as a sequence of canonical transformations,
following the procedure outlined by Kuznetsov.Comment: 14 pages. submitted for publicatio
Quasiperiodic Solutions of the Fibre Optics Coupled Nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger Equations
We consider travelling periodical and quasiperiodical waves in single mode
fibres, with weak birefringence and under the action of cross-phase modulation.
The problem is reduced to the ``1:2:1" integrable case of the two-particle
quartic potential. A general approach for finding elliptic solutions is given.
New solutions which are associated with two-gap Treibich-Verdier potentials are
found. General quasiperiodic solutions are given in terms of two dimensional
theta functions with explicit expressions for frequencies in terms of theta
constants. The reduction of quasiperiodic solutions to elliptic functions is
discussed.Comment: 24 page
Discovery of the spectroscopic binary nature of three bright southern Cepheids
We present an analysis of spectroscopic radial velocity and photometric data
of three bright Galactic Cepheids: LR Trianguli Australis (LR TrA), RZ Velorum
(RZ Vel), and BG Velorum (BG Vel). Based on new radial velocity data, these
Cepheids have been found to be members of spectroscopic binary systems.
The ratio of the peak-to-peak radial velocity amplitude to photometric
amplitude indicates the presence of a companion for LR TrA and BG Vel. IUE
spectra indicate that the companions of RZ Vel and BG Vel cannot be hot stars.
The analysis of all available photometric data revealed that the pulsation
period of RZ Vel and BG Vel varies monotonically, due to stellar evolution.
Moreover, the longest period Cepheid in this sample, RZ Vel, shows period
fluctuations superimposed on the monotonic period increase. The light-time
effect interpretation of the observed pattern needs long-term photometric
monitoring of this Cepheid. The pulsation period of LR TrA has remained
constant since the discovery of its brightness variation.
Using statistical data, it is also shown that a large number of spectroscopic
binaries still remain to be discovered among bright classical Cepheids.Comment: 9 pages, 14 figure
Stationary and moving breathers in a simplified model of curved alpha--helix proteins
The existence, stability and movability of breathers in a model for
alpha-helix proteins is studied. This model basically consists a chain of
dipole moments parallel to it. The existence of localized linear modes brings
about that the system has a characteristic frequency, which depends on the
curvature of the chain. Hard breathers are stable, while soft ones experiment
subharmonic instabilities that preserve, however the localization. Moving
breathers can travel across the bending point for small curvature and are
reflected when it is increased. No trapping of breathers takes place.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure
Discovery of the spectroscopic binary nature of six southern Cepheids
We present the analysis of photometric and spectroscopic data of six bright
Galactic Cepheids: GH Carinae, V419 Centauri, V898 Centauri, AD Puppis, AY
Sagittarii, and ST Velorum. Based on new radial velocity data (in some cases
supplemented with earlier data available in the literature), these Cepheids
have been found to be members in spectroscopic binary systems. V898 Cen turned
out to have one of the largest orbital radial velocity amplitude (> 40 km/s)
among the known binary Cepheids. The data are insufficient to determine the
orbital periods nor other orbital elements for these new spectroscopic
binaries.
These discoveries corroborate the statement on the high frequency of
occurrence of binaries among the classical Cepheids, a fact to be taken into
account when calibrating the period-luminosity relationship for Cepheids.
We have also compiled all available photometric data that revealed that the
pulsation period of AD Pup, the longest period Cepheid in this sample, is
continuously increasing with Delta P = 0.004567 d/century, likely to be caused
by stellar evolution. The wave-like pattern superimposed on the parabolic O-C
graph of AD Pup may well be caused by the light-time effect in the binary
system. ST Vel also pulsates with a continuously increasing period. The other
four Cepheids are characterised with stable pulsation periods in the last half
century.Comment: accepted by the MNRAS, 11 pages, 16 figures, 18 tables, a part of the
data can be downloaded from the online version of this articl
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