THE EVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL SURFACES, BY USE CATEGORIES, IN THE SW AND NW REGIONS OF ROMANIA

The paper analyzes the evolution after 1990 of the areas occupied by categories of agricultural use, in the NW and SW development regions of Romania. The areas occupied by agricultural land had similar evolutions, with some small exceptions, due primarily to the predominant landforms in the two analyzed development regions. The data are incomplete, waiting for the conclusion of the National Cadastre and Land Book Program 2015-2023

WEED CHEMICAL CONTROL ON VINEYARS

The vine is a perennial crop that can be infested with a large number of annual and perennial, monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed species. The damage caused by weeds to vines refers to competition from factors of vegetation, light, water, minerals, as well as the increased incidence of diseases such as blight, powdery mildew and gray rot. Weed control in the vine culture is a very important work can be done mechanically and chemically. Carrying out the autumn plowing is a mandatory work because it creates a superficial layer of loose soil, with large spaces, which determines the retention of water in the soil, at the disposal of the vine. The annual weeds are very well controlled by plowing, the seeds of which are buried in depth, thus contributing to the decrease of the degree of weeding. Perennial weeds, such as Bermuda grass, Johnson grass, field bindweed and field thistle cannot be combated by soil works because they multiply through vegetative organs. The use of herbicides on vines is beneficial because they increase production efficiently by reducing the cost of mechanical weed control. However, the application of easily leached soil herbicides can cause serious damage through root uptake and translocation to above-ground organs, including in combat. To avoid these problems, it is recommended to apply film-forming herbicides, which are very strongly absorbed on the soil surface, which does not leach into the soil and thus does not translocate into the vine plant. Such active substances act on the soil surface by stopping the emergence of weeds from the surface layer of the soil. Also, post-emergent antimonocotyledonous herbicides can be applied in the early phase of vine growth, which can control annual and perennial monocotyledonous weeds, having the advantage that they can be metabolized in the vine plant