5,313 research outputs found
Constitutional Law--Immunity of State Agency from Federal Taxation--Confused State of the Decision
Stigma and mental health: The curious case of COVID-19
Introduction: This article considers the impact of COVID-19 on stigma and mental health across the life spectrum and the ways that people access services.
Purpose: To explore the ways that a pandemic (COVID-19) has changed/shifted the relationship between mental illness or mental ill health and stigma across the life spectrum and call to re-focus resources on sustainable healthy societies, building cultures of peace.
Methodology: A literature search was employed, combined with informal interviews and observation.
Results and Discussion: On the one hand, the pandemic has opened public discussion of mental health challenges such as anxiety and depression, reducing some of the stigma attached as the experience is more common amongst people who have not previously declared mental health challenges. On the other hand, people previously experiencing mental ill health have mostly had that health challenge exacerbated by the pandemic. With fewer resources available, and changes in service delivery to largely on-line resources, the reduction in stigma has not meant better mental health care and services, but rather further marginalized some of the population. Cultures of peace are inclusive and provide space for full growth of all citizens, in contrast to reactive approaches now more readily applied. Mental health services are a basic right for all people and should be considered as such in all planned health strategies.
Limitations: The article focuses on literature review, anecdotal and observation and is focused over a short term, in North America. It is a preliminary study.
Strengths: As a preliminary study, the article highlights an emergent and present dilemma. It also highlights the need for a much more holistic, global approach to mental health and wellbeing across the lifespan.
Conclusion: While there are calls for national strategies for mental health services and services for people with dementia, in particular, there is still a need to take a more holistic approach to mental health as part of a whole health strategy to support human dignity and inclusion across the lifespa
Far-Infrared Emission From E and E/S0 Galaxies
Studies of cold material through IRAS 60um and 100um observations indicated
that half of ordinary E and E/S0 galaxies were detected above the 3 sigma
level, indicating that cold gas is common, although no correlation was found
between the optical and far- infrared fluxes. Most detections were near the
instrumental threshold, and given an improved understanding of detection
confidence, we reconsider the 60um and 100um detection rate. After excluding
active galactic nuclei, peculiar systems, and background contamination, only 15
non-peculiar E and E/S0 galaxies from the RSA catalog are detected above the
98% confidence level, about 12% of the sample. An unusually high percentage of
these 15 galaxies possess cold gas (HI, CO) and optical emission lines
(Halpha), supporting the presence of gas cooler than 10E4 K. The 60um to 100um
flux ratios imply a median dust temperature for the sample of 30 K, with a
range of 23-38 K.
These detections define the upper envelope of the optical to far-infrared
relationship, F_fir propto F_B^0.24+/-0.08, showing that optically bright
objects are also brighter in the infrared, although with considerable
dispersion. A luminosity correlation is present with L_fir propto
L_B^1.65+/-0.28, but the dust temperature is uncorrelated with luminosity.
Models that contain large dust grains composed of amorphous carbon plus
silicates come close to reproducing the typical 60um to 100um flux ratios, the
far-infrared luminosity, and the L_fir - L_B relationship.Comment: 10 postscript pages, 2 tables, and 2 figure
Effective Kinetic Theory for High Temperature Gauge Theories
Quasiparticle dynamics in relativistic plasmas associated with hot,
weakly-coupled gauge theories (such as QCD at asymptotically high temperature
) can be described by an effective kinetic theory, valid on sufficiently
large time and distance scales. The appropriate Boltzmann equations depend on
effective scattering rates for various types of collisions that can occur in
the plasma. The resulting effective kinetic theory may be used to evaluate
observables which are dominantly sensitive to the dynamics of typical
ultrarelativistic excitations. This includes transport coefficients
(viscosities and diffusion constants) and energy loss rates. We show how to
formulate effective Boltzmann equations which will be adequate to compute such
observables to leading order in the running coupling of high-temperature
gauge theories [and all orders in ]. As previously proposed
in the literature, a leading-order treatment requires including both
particle scattering processes as well as effective ``'' collinear
splitting processes in the Boltzmann equations. The latter account for nearly
collinear bremsstrahlung and pair production/annihilation processes which take
place in the presence of fluctuations in the background gauge field. Our
effective kinetic theory is applicable not only to near-equilibrium systems
(relevant for the calculation of transport coefficients), but also to highly
non-equilibrium situations, provided some simple conditions on distribution
functions are satisfied.Comment: 40 pages, new subsection on soft gauge field instabilities adde
Aircraft/island/ship/satellite intercomparison: Preliminary results from July 16, 1987
The First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) objective of validating and improving satellite algorithms for inferring cloud properties from satellite radiances was one of the central motivating factors in the design of the specific field experimental strategies used in the July, 1987 marine stratocumulus intensive field observations (IFO). The in situ measuring platforms were deployed to take maximum advantage of redundant measurements (for intercomparison of the in situ sensors) and to provide optimal coverage within satellite images. One of the most ambitious of these strategies was the attempt to coordinate measurements from San Nicolas Island (SNI), the R/V Pt. Sur, the meteorological aircraft, and the satellites. For the most part, this attempt was frustrated by flight restrictions in the vicinity of SNI. The exception was the mission of July 16, 1987, which achieved remarkable success in the coordination of the platforms. This presentation concerns operations conducted by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Electra and how data from the Electra can be integrated with and compared to data from the Pt. Sur, SNI, and the satellites. The focus is on the large-scale, integrated picture of the conditions on July 16 from the perspective of the Electra's flight operations
Single-electron latch with granular film charge leakage suppressor
A single-electron latch is a device that can be used as a building block for
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) circuits. It consists of three nanoscale
metal "dots" connected in series by tunnel junctions; charging of the dots is
controlled by three electrostatic gates. One very important feature of a
single-electron latch is its ability to store ("latch") information represented
by the location of a single electron within the three dots. To obtain latching,
the undesired leakage of charge during the retention time must be suppressed.
Previously, to achieve this goal, multiple tunnel junctions were used to
connect the three dots. However, this method of charge leakage suppression
requires an additional compensation of the background charges affecting each
parasitic dot in the array of junctions. We report a single-electron latch
where a granular metal film is used to fabricate the middle dot in the latch
which concurrently acts as a charge leakage suppressor. This latch has no
parasitic dots, therefore the background charge compensation procedure is
greatly simplified. We discuss the origins of charge leakage suppression and
possible applications of granular metal dots for various single-electron
circuits.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure: Preliminary Experience with the Rashkind Occluder Device
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72836/1/j.1540-8183.1989.tb00751.x.pd
Quasiparticle transport equation with collision delay. II. Microscopic Theory
For a system of non-interacting electrons scattered by neutral impurities, we
derive a modified Boltzmann equation that includes quasiparticle and virial
corrections. We start from quasiclassical transport equation for
non-equilibrium Green's functions and apply limit of small scattering rates.
Resulting transport equation for quasiparticles has gradient corrections to
scattering integrals. These gradient corrections are rearranged into a form
characteristic for virial corrections
Echocardiographic evaluation of atrioventricular orifice anatomy in children with atrioventricular septal defect
AbstractIn atrioventricular (AV) septal defect, the common AV valve can have a common orifice or can be divided by bridging leaflet tissue into two separate orifices. To determine the accuracy of a two-dimensional echocardiographic technique devised specifically for evaluation of the number of AV valve orifices, all 69 children undergoing surgical repair of AV septal defect from April 1987 to August 1999 were examined prospectively. The presence of bridging leaflet tissue and the number of AV valve orifices were determined with use of a subcostal imaging plane. From a standard subcostal four-chamber view, the plane of sound was rotated 30 ° to 45 ° clockwise until the AV valve was seen en face. The plane of sound was then tilted from a superior to an inferior direction so that cross-sectional views of the AV valve were examined from the inferior margin of the atrial septum to the superior margin of the ventricular septum.Of the 69 patients, 6 (9%) were excluded because the appropriate subcostal images were not obtained (in 3 because of obesity and in 3 as a result of operator failure). The remaining 63 children, ranging in age from 1 day to 13.5 years and in weight from 1 to 55 kg, constituted the study group. Echocardiographic results were compared with surgical observations in 62 patients and with autopsy findings in 1 patient.With the two-dimensional echocardiographic technique, 32 of 33 patients with a common orifice and 28 of 30 patients with two separate AV valve orifices were correctly identified. By chi-square analysis, the echocardiographic technique allowed correct identification of a common orifice valve with 94% sensitivity and 97% specificity. For correct identification of two separate orifices, the echocardiographic technique had 97% sensitivity and 94% specificity. The positive predictive value of the echocardiographic technique was 97% for a common orifices and 93% for two separate orifices. Thus, in patients with AV septal defect, the presence of bridging leaflet tissue and the number of AV valve orifices can be accurately determined with use of a subcostal two-dimensional imaging plane
- …