Mixed Ligand Chelates of Th (IV) with EDT A & CDT A as Primary Ligands & Glycine, dl-a-Alanine & Phenylalanine as Secondary Ligands

513-51

Complexes of Cu(II), Pd(II) & Pt(II) with Schiff Bases Derived from 2-(2'-Aminoethyl)pyridine

47-4

Explaining income inequality trends: An integrated approach

In large parts of the world, income inequality has been rising in recent decades. Other regions have experienced declining trends in income inequality. This raises the question of which mechanisms underlie contrasting observed trends in income inequality around the globe. To address this research question in a comparative study, we examine a global sample of 73 countries between 1981 and 2010. Yet, we are particularly interested in the heterogeneity of inequality determinants across world regions, and along the income distribution. We find declining labour income shares and increasing imports from high-income countries to significantly contribute to increasing income inequality; taxation and imports from low-income countries exert countervailing effects. The impacts of technological change, financial globalization, domestic financial deepening, and public social spending turn out to be region-specific. Most importantly, we do not find systematic evidence of education’s equalizing effect across high- and low-income countries. Our results are largely robust to changing the underlying sources of income Ginis, but looking at different segments of income distribution reveals heterogeneous effects

Terdentate Ligands: Part II - Octahedral Ni(II), Co(II) & Cr(III) Complexes of Schiff Bases Derived from 2-(2'-Amino-ethyl)pyridine

748-75

The IIASA Energy Access Tool (Energy-ENACT)

Researchers from the Energy Program at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), building on work carried out within the framework of the Global Energy Assessment (GEA), have developed an interactive web-based scenario analysis tool that permits assessment of different policies for achieving universal access to modern energy by 2030. This software, known as the IIASA Energy-ENACT tool, is designed to assist national and regional policy makers and analysts in their strategic policy planning processes. The tool extends work undertaken for the GEA and, as such, is built on an extensive set of energy access scenarios to visualise costs and benefits of specific policy choices and their impacts. This document serves as an introduction to the Energy-ENACT tool and as a brief manual for the typical user

Complexes of Pt(II) & Pd(II) with 2-(2' -Aminoethyl)pyridine

44-4

Kerosene subsidies for household lighting in India: what are the impacts?

Kerosene subsidy reform is a key policy concern in India and other developing countries. As kerosene is widely used for lighting in India, any price change will likely have considerable public welfare impacts on the large fraction of the poor who do not have access to reliable electricity supply for lighting. In this study, we assess historic kerosene use for residential lighting across population groups separated by urban/rural, expenditure, and electricity service levels using data from India. Consumption trends are used to inform a service demand model and evaluate how changes in fuel price, electricity connection, and supply reliability influence environmental, health and economic outcomes. We find that users relying on kerosene for supplemental lighting—in combination ('stacked') with electricity—accounted for 64% of residential kerosene consumed for lighting in 2005. Tested scenarios that addressed service needs of supplemental users had the greatest welfare benefits, especially in the future. Scenarios reducing PM2.5 emissions from kerosene lighting can avert between 50 and 300 thousand disability adjusted life years relative to a baseline scenario in 2030. Lighting kerosene is highly price sensitive, resulting in a drop in demand of 97% in a scenario in which current subsidies are phased out by 2030. Deadweight loss of the subsidy in 2005 is estimated at $200–950 million, with three quarters attributable to supplemental kerosene lighting. Support for cleaner lighting technologies not reliant on fossil fuel subsidies would appear to be 'no regrets' or 'co-benefits' options for India, and could be implemented in parallel with subsidy removal

Effect of antenatal corticosteroids on neonatal outcome in term elective caesarean section: a randomised controlled trial

Background: Infants born at term by elective caesarean section are more likely to develop respiratory morbidity than infants born vaginally. Prophylactic corticosteroids in singleton preterm pregnancies accelerate lung maturation and reduce the incidence of respiratory complications. Thus, the aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the effect of antenatal corticosteroids on neonatal outcome among term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section.Methods: It was an open labelled randomized controlled trial conducted among women with term pregnancy of 37-38+6 weeks and planned for caesarean section at term and who were willing to participate in the study. We randomized 50 pregnant women into intervention group which received antenatal corticosteroids in the form of injection dexamethasone 12 mg IM, 4 doses at 12 hourly intervals before term elective caesarean section and 50 pregnant women into control group which did not receive antenatal corticosteroid. Fetal outcomes were compared in both groups after caesarean section. Data were analysed using SPSS vs.20.Results: Nearly half (54%) of pregnant women belonged age group of 21-25 years and majority (58%) of pregnant women belonged to 38-39 weeks of gestation. Out of 50 pregnant women in intervention group, only two percent neonates developed RDS, four percent neonates developed transient tachypnea of neonate (TTN) and six percent neonates required NICU admission which was lower than control group. However, difference between fetal outcomes in intervention and control group was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Administration of prophylactic antenatal corticosteroids before 48 hours of elective term caesarean section does not have impact on fetal outcome in our study

Stabilization of high T(sub c) phase in bismuth cuprate superconductor by lead doping

It has widely been ascertained that doping of lead in Bi:Sr:Ca:Cu:O systems promotes the growth of high T(sub c) (110 K) phase, improves critical current density, and lowers processing temperature. A systematic investigation is undertaken to determine optimum lead content and processing conditions to achieve these. A large number of samples with cationic compositions of Bi(2-x)Pb(x)Sr2Ca2Cu3 (x = 0.2 to 2.0) were prepared by conventional solid state reaction technique. Samples of all compositions were annealed together at a temperature and characterized through resistance-temperature (R-T) measurements and x ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the zero resistance temperature, T(sub c)(0) and to identify presence of phases, respectively. The annealing temperature was varied between 790 C to optimize processing parameters. Results are given. In brief, an optimum process is reported along with composition of leaded bismuth cuprate superconductor which yields nearly a high T(sub c) single phase with highly stable superconducting properties

Stabilization of high Tc phase in bismuth cuprate superconductor by lead doping

It has been widely ascertained that doping of lead in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems promotes the growth of high T sub c (110 K) phase, improves critical current density, and lowers processing temperature. A systematic study was undertaken to determine optimum lead content and processing conditions to achieve these properties. A large number of samples with cationic compositions of Bi(2-x)Pb(x)Sr2Ca2Cu3 (x = 0.2 to 2.0) were prepared by conventional solid state reaction technique. Samples of all compositions were annealed together at a temperature and characterized through resistance temperature (R-T) measurements and x ray diffraction to determine the zero resistance temperature, T sub c(0) and to identify presence of phases, respectively. The annealing temperature was varied between 790 and 880 C to optimize processing parameters. Results are given. In brief, an optimum process is reported along with composition of leaded bismuth cuprate superconductor which yields nearly a high T sub c single phase with highly stable superconducting properties