High Serum Concentration of Interleukine-6 and Rank-ligand as Risk Factors for Osteoporosis in Estrogen Deficiency Post-menopausal Women

Osteoporosis in post-menopausal women is not merely due to deficient estrogenhormone production. The development of osteoporosis is due to increased boneresorption by osteoclasts. The osteoclast\u27s number and activity is controlled by activatingfactors such as IL-6 and RANK-L. The objective of this study was to determine that highIL-6 and RANK-L serum concentrations are risks for osteoporosis in estrogen deficientpost-menopausal women. The serum concentration of ß-CrossLaps (CTx) was measuredto determine bone resorption rate. This is an observational analytical study using case andcontrol design conducted at Sanglah General Hospital of Denpasar. The sample size wascalculated using the paired case-control study formula. There were 41 osteoporotic and41 non-osteoporotic (control) estrogen deficient post-menopausal women involved in thestudy.Data were analyzed by using the t-paired and McNemar tests. Mean serumconcentration of IL-6 among the osteoporotic women was significantly higher ascompared to that of the controls (3.47±1.75 pg/ml vs 2.51±1.13 pg/ml, p = 0.001). Meanserum concentration of RANK-L among the osteoporotic women was also significantlyhigher as compared to that of the controls (320.66±122.44ng/ml vs 249.94±82.41 ng/ml,p = 0.002). To qualify as risk factors for osteoporosis, the cut-off point for IL-6 was 2.17pg/ml (OR = 4, CI 95%: 1.23-14.24; p = 0.032); the cut-off point for RANK-L was275.165 ng/ml (OR = 8, CI 95%: 1.84-34.79; p = 0.001). Analysis of both high serumconcentration of IL-6 and RANK-L was associated with an odd ratio of 9 (CI 95%: 4,27-18,96, p=0,000). CTx concentration in the osteoporotic women was significantly higherthan in the controls (0.60±0.22ng/ml vs 0.46±0.16ng/ml, p = 0.004).We found that the high IL-6 and RANK-L serum concentrations were risk factorsin estrogen deficient post-menopausal women. CTx being a marker for osteoclastic boneresorption activity, increased in concentration higher in osteoporotic than in nonosteoporoticwomen. The high serum concentrations of IL-6 and RANK-L could be usedas predictors for osteoporosis in estrogen deficient post-menopausal women

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KONSENTRAT MENGANDUNG ZnSO4 - ZnCu Isoleusinat TERHADAP BIOKIMIA DARAH KAMBING KACANG YANG MENGKONSUMSI SILASE SORGHUM- BUNGA TELANG (Effect of additional concentrate containing znso4 - zncu isoleucinate on boochemical blood of.....

The research was to determine the effect of adding concentrate containing 150 mg ZnSO4 and 2% ZnCu Isoleucinate on the blood biochemistry of  kacang goat consuming sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (l) Moench) - Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) silage rations. Using 12 kacang goats aged 13-14 months, with an average initial body weight of 14.40 Kg, KV: 14.93%. This study was designed using a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The four treatments studied were T1: Silage (adlibitum) without concentrate containing 150 mg ZnSO4 and 20% ZnCu Isoleucinate; T2: Silage (adlibitum) + 10% concentrate containing 150 mg ZnSO4 and 2% ZnCu Isoleucine; T3: Silage (adlibitum) + 20% concentrate containing 150 mg ZnSO4 and 2 % ZnCu Isoleucinate; T4: Silage (adlibitum) + 30% concentrate containing 150 mg ZnSO4 and 2% ZnCu Isoleucinate. The parameters observed consisted of: hemoglobin levels, erythrocytes, hematocrit, total plasma protein and leukocytes. Data was analysed used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if it had a significant effect, continued with the BNT test to determine the difference between treatments (SPSS 21). The results of statistical tests showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on erythrocyte levels and hematocrit levels, but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on hemoglobin levels, total plasma protein levels and leukocyte levels. At the level of addition of 10% concentrate is the best for increasing erythrocytes and hematocrit of peanut goat.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrat dengan level berbeda mengandung 150 mg ZnSO4 dan 2 % ZnCu Isoleusinat terhadap biokimia darah kambing kacang yang mengkonsumsi ransum basal silase sorghum - bunga telang.  Ternak yang digunakan adalah 12 ekor kambing kacang dengan kisaran umur antara 13 – 14 bulan, rerata bobot badan awal 14,40 Kg, KV:14,93%.  Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan 3 ulangan. Keempat perlakuan yang diteliti adalah T1: Silase (adlibitum) tanpa konsentrat  mengandung 150 mg ZnSO4 dan 20 % ZnCu Isoleusinat; T2: Silase (adlibitum) + 10 %Konsentrat yang mengandung 150 mg ZnSO4 dan 2% ZnCu Isoleusinat; T3: Silase (adlibitum) + konsentrat 20 % mengandung 150 mg ZnSO4 dan 2 % ZnCu Isoleusinat; T4: Silase (adlibitum) + konsentrat 30 % mengandung 150 mg ZnSO4 dan 2% Z nCu Isoleusinat.   Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar hemoglobin, eritrosit, hematokrit, total protein plasma dan leukosit.  Data yang diperoleh ditabulasi serta dianalisis mennggunakan analisis of varian (ANOVA) dan jika berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT dengan bantuan software SPSS seri 21 untuk windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rerata kadar hemoglobin darah bervariasi antara 11,35 - 13,17 gram/dl, kadar eritrosit bervariasi antara 9,21-11,95 juta/mm3, kadar hematokrit bervariasi antara 34,06-39,53 %, kadar total protein plasma bervariasi antara 5,5 -6,5 % dan kadar leukosit bervariasi antara 11,5 – 12,11 juta/mm3.  Hasil uji statistik menunjukan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kadar eritrosit dan kadar hematokrit ternak kambing kacang, tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kadar hemoglobin, kadar total protein plasma dan kadar leukosit ternak kambing kacang. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa level 10 % adalah paling baik untuk meningkatkan biokimia darah kambing kacang

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Tutorial Program S1 PGSD Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Terbuka

Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas tutorial Program S1 PGSD di UPBJJ-UT Pangkal Pinang. Faktor-faktor tersebut meliputi: 1) persiapan tutorial; 2) pelaksanaan tutorial; dan 3) interaksi kelas tutorial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: 1) persiapan tutor: (a) jarak dekat dengan lokasi tutorial, nilai rata-rata kesiapan tutor 4,63; nilai aktivitas tutor 4,58; nilai mahasiswa pada tutorial 4,03, dan aktivitas pengelola dengan nilai 4,67; (b) jarak sedang, nilai kesiapan tutor 4,48 dan nilai aktivitas tutor 4,42; nilai aktivitas mahasiswa 4,15; sedangkan nilai aktivitas pengelola 4,34; (c) jarak jauh, nilai kesiapan tutor 4,65 dan nilai aktivitas tutor 4,74; nilai aktivitas mahasiswa 4,32 sedangkan nilai aktivitas pengelola sebesar 4,56; 2) pelaksanaan tutorial, keaktifan belajar mahasiswa selama mengikuti tutorial dengan kategori baik sebesar 87,5 % dan kategori cukup sebesar 12,5 %, sehingga aktivitas tutor rata-rata baik; 3) interaksi kelas tutorial, aktivitas tutor dalam pelaksanaan tutorial cukup menarik perhatian mahasiswa, tutor berjalan berkeliling kelas sambil menanyakan kesulitan mahasiswa dalam memahami modul saat belajar mandiri. Di samping itu, memotivasi mahasiswa agar lebih giat belajar, membaca dan memahami modul

Technical Description of the IIASA Model Cluster

The quantitative analysis of REDD supply schedules were carried out in a global total land-use context. The Global Model cluster combines geographically explicit biophysical models with economic modeling. The model cluster covers all land-use types and thus allows for fully integrated analysis of competitive interactions between different land uses and land use change types. Combining the different models allows for geographic explicit analysis of REDD policies in a global context. The geographic explicit analysis of REDD policy options is carried out using the G4M (former DIMA) model (e.g. Rokitiansky et al., 2007; Kindermann et al., 2006, 2008b). G4M is driven by exogenous market price assumptions for land and commodities without taking market feedbacks into account. The partial equilibrium model GLOBIOM generates endogenous prices. GLOBIOM has global geographic coverage and accounts for all land uses and thus allows for REDD policy analysis in a wider land use and global change context. When the two models are coupled the G4M model serves a double purpose. First it informs GLOBIOM on basic biophysical forest growth information and engineering costing of various forest management options. Second, results from GLOBIOM, such as endogenous commodity and land prices and trade, are used as exogenous drivers for the geographically explicit modeling using G4M. In the latter G4M becomes a "sophisticated" downscaling algorithm for GLOBIOM results facilitating "visual validation" of results and geographic REDD hot spotting. In the following the two models are described. In the description of G4M we provide a detailed description of the improved carbon accounting and calibration methods departing from (Kindermann et al., 2006). Changes in the calibration methodology have necessarily created considerable differences in baseline emissions and thus REDD costs as published in (Kindermann et al., 2006). Baselines in (Kindermann et al., 2006) are determined mainly by future GDP and population development assuming low institutional barriers for expansion of the agricultural and forestry sectors whereas the latter is mainly driven by the continuation of historical emissions and the continuation of institutional barriers of agricultural and forestry sector development. The version of G4M presented in this document was calibrated to the global emissions estimates provided by the IPCC while the one in (Kindermann et al., 2006) was calibrated to the estimates provided by global analysis using remote sensing methods. Differences in the results of these two model versions of G4M provide valuable insights on the impact of changes in methodologies on REDD costs. The description of GLOBIOM is provided with less detail due to space limitations

Fungsi keluarga dalam meningkatkan sumber daya manusia Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta

Pcngenalan tentang kebudayaan dimulai sejak sescorang masih kanak-kanak, bahkan sejak masih dalam kandungan. Pendidikan pra sekolah atau taman kanakkanak, juga ada yang menyebut dengan nama kelompok bermain diselenggarakan untuk membantu meletakkan dasar pcngembangan sikap, pengembangan perilaku , pengetahuan, ketrampilan dan daya cipta di luar lingkungan keluarga. Melalui proses sosialisasi upaya membina kepribadian seseorang sesuai dengan sistem nilai budaya yang dimiliki masyarakatnya

Moderate mental retardation with behavior disorder in cerebral palsy: a case report

Mental retardation (MR) is a condition where the cessation of mental development occurs or is incomplete, mainly marked by the disruption of skill during development, affecting intelligence (cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities). Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of motoric and physical posture development disorders caused by cerebral development impairment. Children with MR frequently have a co-occuring CP. In this case report, a 6 years old girl consulted to the psychiatric department because of emotional irritability. The patient was seen limping on one side, screaming, moving everywhere, uncooperative, imperfect sentence, not able to draw well and would scream in anger if not get what she wants. Since birth, she has weakness on her left side of the body, has a gross motor delay, still unable to take off her clothes. The patient was born through vaginal delivery at 8 months gestational age with premature rupture of membrane, cried spontaneously. During the pregnancy, the mother had routine antenatal care from the midwife and was said to be fine. The patient was diagnosed with moderate mental retardation with a significant behavioral disorder that requires attention or therapy. Pharmacological therapy of risperidone 0.3 milligram, vitamin B6 10 milligram, and folic acid 1 milligram all are taken once daily oral. MR can have a co-occuring CP and need to be treated. The treatment should consist of mental and physical therapy, as well as rehabilitation

Aplikasi Kidswall sebagai Media JejaringSosial Bagi Anak-Anak

Social network is one way in which we interact in cyberspace. As a social forum, social networks are often too general and likely to be abused by users. Crime, rudeness, sexual immorality, often became negative spotlight especially for parents who have little children. The parents hope social network can make interaction with each other calmly but still controlled. Based on this reason, the parents need a solution. The solution is implemented of social networking site that specifically for little children called Kidswall. This website is developed in PHP programming language and JQuery Ajax in the client side, that has features like user controlling, education development in a relational database, and also user can make interaction with the others. In blackbox testing has been done, it can be concluded that the process of user settings, education development, and interaction among the users become organized