Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Daily Eating Habits and Physical Activity on Anthropometric Parameters in Elementary School Children in Latvia : Pach Study

Funding Information: This paper describes the baseline characteristics of pupils enrolled in the Physical Activity and Children Overall Health (PACH) study and presents data related to this cross-sectional quantitative research design. The study involved 1788 8–10-year-old pupils from the second (n = 1119) and third class (n = 669) of which 53.5% (n = 957) were boys and 46.5% (n = 831) were girls who joined the Latvian Olympic Committee project “Sport for All Classes” (SFAC) in the school year 2019/2020. Project SFAC is supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Latvia and ensures 5 vs 2 school-based PE lessons per week, promoting structured physical activities in schools. To participate in SFAC, school authorities (principals, form teachers, and physical education teachers) had to submit an official application with the list of pupils and corresponding signatures of their parents. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to Latvian Olympic Committee, Ministry of Education and Science of Latvia and University of Latvia for the financial support. Thankful to all schools for participation in the project SFAC and this research, furthermore for the support during researcher visits. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Growing incidence of obesity and related diseases in children poses new challenges and calls for a review of lifestyle habits. This study aimed to assess daily eating habits (EH) and physical activity (PA) levels and identify their association with obesity in 8–10-year-old children. Children’s EH and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical intensity (MVPA) was estimated from questionnaires (N = 1788). Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were collected, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Girls consumed more fruits and vegetables, drank more water, and ate smaller portions of carbohydrate and protein rich foods but spent less time in MVPA compared to boys (p < 0.05). Obese children skipped breakfast more often and consumed less fruits and vegetables. Children who chose to eat in front of the screen had higher WC (62.88 ± 8.70 vs 60.59 ± 7.40 cm, p < 0.001) and higher BMI, and chose smaller vegetable portions and more calorie dense snacks (p < 0.001). 15.4% of pupils covered weekly MVPA recommendations with structured PA on weekdays. Increasing MVPA was related to a smaller number of unhealthy EH (p < 0.001). In conclusion, EH and PA levels differ between sexes and obese children have unhealthier EH. Higher levels of MVPA are related to healthier food choices, while pupils having meals in front of the screen have unhealthier EH and anthropometric measures. The majority of pupils did not reach the WHO recommendations of MVPA through structured PA on weekdays. Association between factors (EH and time spent in PA) and BMI was not found in this study.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Intracerebral Plasmacytoma in a Patient with HIV-1 Infection and SARS-CoV-2 Superinfection

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.We present a rare case of intracranial solitary plasmacytoma arising in brain parenchyma in the basal nuclei. Clinical management and autopsy results of the case are described. Background: Intracranial plasmacytomas arising from brain parenchyma are extremely rare, and data from the literature are limited. Primary intracranial plasmacytomas are rare because plasma cells are not found in the brain in normal conditions. Commonly, intracranial plasmacytoma is associated with multiple myeloma, which is why multiple myeloma must be ruled out to diagnose solitary intracranial plasmacytoma. Considering that solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma have some histopathological similarities, it is important to differentiate them because their respective treatments and prognoses are different. Imaging features of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma are nonspecific but are compatible with solid tumors with invariable enhancement. Plasmacytoma was aggressive because it was not diagnosed after the first MRI, but 1.5 months later, MRI showed a large object. We present a rare case of intracranial solitary plasmacytoma arising in brain parenchyma in the basal nucleipublishersversionPeer reviewe

Economic analysis evaluation of dairy farms in Latvia

Piena lopkopība ir viena no galvenajām lauksaimniecības preču ražošanas nozarēm, un tai vienmēr ir bijusi svarīga loma lauksaimnieciskajā ražošanā un lauksaimnieku ienākumiem. Galvenais piensaimniecības nozarē ir piena ražošana, un pēdējo gadu laikā saražotā piena apjomi ir pieauguši, kā arī piena un piena produktu ražošana un eksports. Piena ražotājiem ir liela konkurence un pēc piena kvotu atcelšanas 2015.gadā, konkurence palielināsies, šobrīd Latvijas piena ražotāji ir konkurēt spējīgi, bet nepieciešams izvērtēt vai pēc kvotu atcelšanas, piena ražošanas saimniecības spēs turpināt konkurēt tādā līmēnī kāds tas ir šobrīd. Atslēgas vārdi: attīstība, govs produktivitāte, piena ražošana, piensaimniecība.Dairy farming is one of the major agricultural industries, and has always played an important role in agricultural production and farmers' incomes. The main dairy milk production, and in recent years the production of milk has increased, as well as milk and dairy products and exports. Dairy industry is highly competitive and abolition of milk quotas in 2015, competition will increase, currently Latvian dairy producers are able to compete, but is necessary to evaluate or after the elimination of quotas, dairy farmers will be able to continue to compete at a level as it is now. Keywords: a cow productivity, dairy, development, milk production

Indicators of Emotional Intelligence of Nurses in different Types of Healthcare Facilities

Māszinības (ar specializāciju Garīgās veselības aprūpes māsa)Veselības aprūpeNursing StudiesHealth CareAnotācija Veselības aprūpes kvalitāti nosaka attiecības starp veselības aprūpes personālu, aprūpes saņēmēju un pārvaldes struktūrām. Emocionālais intelekts ir svarīga īpašība, kas atspoguļo noteiktu profesionālās kompetences virzienu, kas saistīts ar savu un svešu emociju saprašanas un vadīšanas spēju. Bakalaura darba „Emocionālā intelekta rādītāji dažādu profilu stacionāros strādājošām māsām” mērķis bija noskaidrot emocionālā intelekta rādītājus dažādu profilu stacionāros strādājošām māsām. Pēc iegūtajiem datiem, salīdzināt māsu emocionālā intelekta rādītājus starp psihiatrijas un daudzprofilu stacionāriem. Noteikt emocionālā intelekta saistību ar darba stāžu māsas profesijā, ar darba slodzi, ar vecumu un ar izglītības līmeni. Pētījuma jautājums: kādi ir māsu emocionālā intelekta rādītāji dažādu profilu stacionāros strādājošām māsām? Lai sasniegtu pētījuma mērķi tika veikts kvantitatīvs neeksperimentāls, šķērsgriezuma, salīdzinošais pētījums, pielietojot šādus pētījuma instrumentus: izlases sociāli demogrāfisko rādītāju aptauja un D.Ļjusina emocionālā intelekta (EmIn) aptauja. Pētījuma dalībnieki bija psihiatrijas stacionārā un daudzprofilu stacionārā strādājošās māsas. Pētījums tika veikts X psihiatrijas stacionārā un Y daudzprofilu stacionārā Latvijā. Pētījumā tika iekļautas 197 aptaujas anketas (99 – psihiatrijas stacionārs; 98 – daudzprofilu stacionārs). Iegūtie rezultāti liecina, ka kopējais emocionālā intelekta līmenis psihiatrijas stacionāra māsām ir augsts, savukārt, daudzprofila stacionāra māsām - vidējs. Nepastāv statistiski nozīmīgas saistības starp kopējo emocionālo intelektu un darba slodzi mēnesī, darba stāžu un māsu izglītības līmeni. Nepastāv statistiski nozīmīgas saistības starp kopējo emocionālo intelektu un vecuma grupām, taču psihiatrijas stacionāra māsām ir vērojama tendence, ka palielinoties vecumam, samazinās kopējā emocionālā intelekta rādītāji. Statistiski nozīmīga korelācija abu profilu stacionāru māsām tika konstatēta starp kopējo emocionālo intelektu un komponentiem, kas to veido. Bakalaura darbā ir 6 tabulas, 10 attēli, izmantoti 37 literatūras avoti. Darba apjoms bez pielikumiem ir 48 lapaspuses, pielikumi 15 lapaspuses. Atslēgas vārdi: emocionālais intelekts, māsa, māsas darbs, komponenti, modeļi.Abstract The quality of health care is defined by relation between health care provider, patient and management. Emotional intelligence is a fundamental quality reflecting a certain level of professional competence related to comprehension and management of one’s own emotions and that of the others. The aim of the Bachelor’s Thesis “Indicators of Emotional Intelligence of Nurses in Different Types of Healthcare Facilities” was to clarify the level of emotional intelligence of nurses working in different types of hospitals; to compare ratio of emotional intelligence of nurses in psychiatry and multispecialty hospitals according to the obtained data; to establish connection of emotional intelligence between the nurse’s length of service, amount of work, age and level of education. Research question: what is the level of the emotional intelligence of inpatient nurses of different specialties? In order to achieve the aim of the Thesis the author performed a comparative quantitative cross-sectional study using the following tools: a selection questionnaire of socio-demographic indices and EmIn questionnaire by D. Lyusin. The respondents were nurses working in psychiatric and multispecialty hospitals. The research was performed in an X psychiatric hospital and an Y multispecialty hospital in Latvia and it comprises 197 questionnaires (99 from psychiatric hospital and 98 from multispecialty hospital). The obtained results ascertain that the general level of emotional intelligence of the psychiatric nurses is high, and medium for the nurses working in multispecialty hospital. There is no statistically proven connection between the general emotional intelligence and the amount of work in a month, the length of service and the level of education. Also, there is no statistically significant connection between general emotional intelligence and age groups, however, as regards psychiatric nurses there is a tendency of indices of general emotional intelligence to decrease with age. Corelation between general emotional intelligence and its components was proved to be statistically significant for nurses of hospitals of both specialties. The Bachelor’s Thesis contains 6 charts, 10 images, 37 bibliographic resources were used. The Thesis consists of 48 pages, 15 pages of appendices. Key words: emotional intelligence, nurse, nursing, components, models

Future directions and innovations of personnel motivation

Bakalaura darba tēma ir personāla motivācijas tendences un jauninājumi. Darba motivācijas jēdziens radās līdz ar jēdzienu darbinieks, līdz ar to mēs nevaram ignorēt motivāciju, bet gan pieņemt to par vienu no svarīgākajiem faktoriem personālvadībā. Ir svarīgi gudri rīkoties ar cilvēkresursiem uzņēmumā, sekojot līdzi izmaiņām, kas notiek cilvēcē un sabalansējot to ar straujo tehnoloģisko progresu, lai iegūtu vislabākos rezultātus biznesam un ekonomikai kopumā. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir izstrādāt priekšlikumus uzņēmuma un personāla vadītājiem, kas atvieglotu jauno tendenču integrēšanu cilvēkresursu pārvaldes un personāla motivācijas jautājumos. Darba gaitā tika apzinātas motivācijas teorijas un jaunās motivācijas tendences, cilvēkresursu vadības tendences šodienai un nākotnei un noskaidrots, kāds ir jaunās paaudzes darbinieku, bezdarbnieku un ekonomiski aktīvo iedzīvotāju skaitliskais īpatsvars Latvijā un Eiropā, kā arī anketēšanas rezultātā noskaidrots, cik daudz strādājošo ir sastapušies ar jaunajām motivācijas tendencēm savās darba vietās, vai viņiem arī ir aktuālas šīs tendences un ko viņi paši uzskata par motivējošiem faktoriem.The theme of the Bachelor’s thesis is „Future directions and innovations of personell motivation”. The concept of work motivation arose with the concept employee, so we can not ignore motivation, but to assume it as one of the most important factors in personnel management. It is important to be smart in dealing with human resources in the organization, following up on human changes and balancing them with rapid technological progress to get the best out of business and the economy as a whole. The goal of the Bachelor's thesis is to develop proposals for company managers and HR managers to facilitate the integration of new trends in human resource management. In the course of the work were indentified the motivation theories and new trends of the personell motivation, human resources management trends for today and the future, also were determined the number of young generation, unemployed and economically active population in Latvia and in Europe, as well after questionnaires have found out how many employees have encountered new motivation trends in their workplaces, whether they also agree current trends and what they consider to be motivating factors

Oral contraceptives turnover in "Saldus Zaļā aptieka"

Perorālie kontraceptīvie līdzekļi ir iekšķīgi lietojami pretapaugļošanās līdzekļi sievietēm reproduktīvā vecumā, lai izvairītos no nevēlamas grūtniecības. Kombinētā orālā kontracepcija un progestagēnu saturošā orālā kontracepcija paredzēta ikdienas lietošanai. Avārijas kontracepciju drīkst lietot tikai ārkārtas gadījumos, pēc neizsargāta dzimumakta, lai izvairītos no nevēlamas grūtniecības. Nedrīkst lietot biežāk kā reizi menstruālā cikla laikā un nav vēlams lietot biežāk kā 2-4 reizes gadā. Darba mērķis: apsekot un izanalizēt perorālo kontraceptīvo līdzekļu apriti „Saldus Zaļajā aptiekā” no 2010. gada 1. janvāra līdz 2011. gada 31. decembrim. Darba rezultāti atspoguļo kontraceptīvo līdzekļu apriti, vispirktākos medikamentus, cenu salīdzinājumu, vecuma intervālus, kuros sievietes visbiežāk izvēlas šīs kontraceptīvās metodes veidu.Oral contraceptives are medication taken by mouth for the purpose to prevent unwanted pregnancy used by women in reproductive age. Combined oral contraceptive pill and progestogen-only pill, both are taken once per day, systematically. Emergency contraception pills are taken after intercourse without any contraception method. Not for offten use. Only in case of emergency, not more offten than once in cycle and maximum 2-4 times per year. The aim of this study: to survey and analyze the turnover of oral contraceptives in „Saldus zaļā aptieka” during the time period 1.01.2010. – 31.12.2011. The results of this study show how many oral contraceptives been sold in the pharmacy during a years, the most prevalent contraceptives, comparison in-between cost and the age range in which oral contraceptives are used most frequently

Correlation of Anxiety Coping Strategies and Physical Activity

Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot saistību starp trauksmi, stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģijam un fiziskām aktivitātēm. Pētījumā piedalījās 113 respondenti vecumā no 18 līdz 76 gadiem. Trauksmes līmeņa mērīšanai tika izmantota Spīlbergera „Trauksmes stāvokļa-iezīmes aptauja” (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Spilberger, 1983). Latvijā to adaptējusi Daina Škuškovnika, 2004. Stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģiju noteikšanai tika izmantota „Stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģiju aptauja” (The Coping Orientation of Problem Experience (COPE Inventory), Carver, Scheier & Weintraub, 1989). Latvijā to adaptējusi Signe Knipše, 2011. Fizisko aktivitāšu līmeņa mērīšanai tika izmantota „Fiziskās aktivitātes pašnovērtējuma aptauja” ko izveidoja Judzika sava darba ietvaros 2018.g. Rezultāti uzrāda statistiski nozīmīgu negatīvu korelāciju starp trauksmi kā iezīmi un uz problēmu vērstu stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģiju. Tāpat statistiski nozīmīga pozitīva korelācija uzrādījās starp uz izvairīšanos vērstu stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģiju un trauksmi kā stāvokli un trauksmi kā iezīmi. Fiziskā aktivitāte neuzrādīja statistiski nozīmīgas korelācijas ar kādu no skalām.The aim of the study is to find out the connection between stress, anxiety and depression with self-reported health status and physical activity. The study involved 113 respondents aged 18-76. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spilberger, 1983) adaptation in latvian by Daina Škuškovnika, 2004. Was used to measure state-anxiety and trait-anxiety. The Coping Orientation of Problem Experience (COPE Inventory) (Carver, Scheier & Weintraub, 1989) adaptation in latvian by Signe Knipše, 2011. Was used to measure problem-focused, emotion-focused, avoidance-focused coping orientation styles. A physical self-assessment questionnaire for physical activity (Judzika, 2018) was created during her study to measure physical activity. The results showed statistically significant negative correlations between trait-anxiety and problem-focused coping orientation styles. Similarly, a statistically significant, positive correlation was found between avoidance-focused coping orientation style and both of anxiety scales - state-anxiety and trait-anxiety . However, physical activity did not show a statistically significant correlation with any ofother scales. Key words: state anxiety, trait anxiety, problem focused, emotion focused , avoidance focused, coping orientation styles

Economic assesment of Latvian transport industry bussiness

Darbs profesionālā maģistra grāda iegūšanai: 84 lapas, 14 attēli, 24 .tabulas, 44 izmantotās literatūras un citi informācijas avoti, 6 pielikumi. Darba mērķis novērtēt saimniecisko darbību Latvijas transporta nozares uzņēmumiem veikt problēmu analīzi un sniegt priekšlikums problēmu risināšanā. Darbs sastāv no 3 nodaļām. Pirmajā nodaļā pētīti kravu transporta nozare Baltijas valstīs : dzelzceļa kravu pārvadājumi, sauszemes kravu pārvadājumi, loģistika un citi pakalpojumi, investīcijas Latvijas transporta nozarē, transporta nozares attīstība ES. Otrajā nodaļā analizēti kravu pārvadājumu efektivitātes rādītāji, pakalpojuma raksturojums un dzīves cikls, pētītas kravu pārvadājumu problēmas un meklēti risinājumi. Trešā nodaļā novērtēta trīs lielāko transporta uzņēmumu saimnieciskā darbība aprēķinot realizācijas rentabilitātes, likviditātes rādītājus veikta SVID analīze. Noslēgumā izdarīti secinājumi un izteikti priekšlikumi par analizējamās nozares uzņēmumu finansiālo stāvokli un tā darbības attīstības un efektivitātes novērtējumu. Darbā pielietotas metodes ir ekonomiskās, statistiskās (salīdzināšanas, grupēšanas, grafiskās u.c.) analīzes un apraksta metodes. Atslēgvārdi: Kravu pārvadājumi, sauszemes kravu pārvadājumi, dzelzceļa kravu pārvadājumi, jūras kravu pārvadājumi, saimnieciskās darbības novērtējums, rentabilitātes analīze.Volume of work for a professional Master's degree : 83 pages, 13 figures, 12. tables 44 used literature and other sources of information 6 appendixes Aim of the work: to assess the economic activities of Latvian transport industry for problem analysis and make suggestions to solve the problems. Paper consists of 3 parts. In the first part there is a research of transport sector in Baltic countries as well as railway transit, cargo transport, logistics and other services, investment in Latvian transport field, development of the transport in EU. In the second part of the paper there is analysis of effectiveness results of shipping, description of service and life cycle, researched shipping problems and findings of solutions. In the third part there is evaluation of three the biggest shipping enterprises economic activity by calculating realization, profitability, liquidity results, SWOT analysis. In conclusion, draws conclusions and makes suggestions about the analytic branch in the sector of financial condition and work development and assessment of effectiveness. Work methods are applied to economic, statistical (comparison, grouping, graphics, etc.) and describe the methods of analysis. Keywords: freight forwarding, road freight, rail freight, sea freight, economic,performance,cost-benefit,analysis. Volume of work for a professional Master's degree : 83 pages, 13 figures, 12. tables 44 used literature and other sources of information 6 appendixes Aim of the work: to assess the economic activities of Latvian transport industry for problem analysis and make suggestions to solve the problems. Paper consists of 3 parts. In the first part there is a research of transport sector in Baltic countries as well as railway transit, cargo transport, logistics and other services, investment in Latvian transport field, development of the transport in EU. In the second part of the paper there is analysis of effectiveness results of shipping, description of service and life cycle, researched shipping problems and findings of solutions. In the third part there is evaluation of three the biggest shipping enterprises economic activity by calculating realization, profitability, liquidity results, SWOT analysis. In conclusion, draws conclusions and makes suggestions about the analytic branch in the sector of financial condition and work development and assessment of effectiveness. Work methods are applied to economic, statistical (comparison, grouping, graphics, etc.) and describe the methods of analysis. Keywords: freight forwarding, road freight, rail freight, sea freight, economic,performance,cost-benefit,analysis

Usage of biotechnology in leguminosae therapetical plant breeding

Tauriņziežu dzimtas augus plaši izmanto ārstniecībā, pateicoties bioloģiski aktīvajām vielām to sastāvā. Sarkanā āboliņa sastāvā esošajiem izoflavoniem ir estrogēnam līdzīga iedarbība. Balto āboliņu tautas medicīnā lieto kā pretklepus līdzekli. Lucerna ir minerālvielu avots un amoliņā esošās aktīvās vielas lieto kā CNS nomierinošu līdzekli. Par darba mērķi tika izvirzīta tetraploīda sarkanā āboliņa iegūšana, izmantojot biotehnoloģijas metodes - in vitro, molekulārās metodes, plūsmas citometrijas metodes. Kā arī tika veikts tauriņziežu dzimtas augu pielietojuma farmācijā izvērtējums. Rezultātā tika iegūti 179 sarkanā āboliņa kloni no kuriem 81,1% bija miksoploīdi ar tetraploīdām šūnām un 10,8% tetraploīdi. Latvijas aptiekās pieejami 12 sarkano āboliņu saturošie produkti, 6 ar lucernu un 5 produkti ar amoliņu.Leguminosae plant family is widely used as a therapeutic remedy due to its biologically active substances. Isoflavones in red clover have similar effect as estrogens. White clover is used as ethnoscience against caugh. Alfalfa is considered a mineral source and active substance in melilotus has sedative effect on CNS. The aim of the study was to obtain tetraploid red clover by using biotechnology - in vitro, molecular methods, flow cytometry. Also to evaluate leguminosae plant family use in pharmacy. As a result 179 red clover clones were obtained, of which 81,1% were mixoploids with tetraploid cells and 10,8% were tetraploid red clovers. 12 therapeutical products with red clover, 6 with alfalfa and 5 with melilotus were listed as available in pharmacies in Latvia