The impact of concurrent HPV infections on the presentation of high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions

Objectives: We investigate how concurrent high-risk (hr) HPV (human papillomavirus) genotypes affect CIN2-3 risk and evaluate the relationship of different genotype combinations with cervical epithelial lesions. Material and methods: This study included HPV positive patients between the ages of 30 and 60 who underwent liquid-based cervical smears and HPV screening through community-based, cervical cancer screening programs between June 2015 and June 2017. The impact of the increase in hrHPV types was calculated by estimating how it changed the odds ratio of CIN2-3 risk. Results: The rate of multiple concurrent HPV infections was 48.7% in the CIN2-3 group and 58.4% in the CIN1 group. Among patients in the CIN2-3 and CIN1 groups, the most common HPV coinfection was respectively HPV 16+31 and HPV 16+51. The HPV 51 ratio in CIN1 patients was 28.9% and the HPV 51 ratio in the CIN2-3 patient was 6.6%. With every increase in the number of hrHPV infection types, the frequency of CIN2-3 decreased [OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.95]. For all hrHPV combinations, the addition of HPV 16 was associated with a higher risk of CIN2-3. Conclusions: An increase in number of hrHPV types is associated with lower CIN2-3 risk. Further cohort studies with larger samples are needed to clarify this relationship. The available evidence suggests that HPV 16 genotype plays an important role in patients with high-grade cervical lesions and has a negative impact on the cervix in concurrent multiple HPV infections

Comparison of laparoscopic adnexal mass extraction via the transumbilical and transvaginal routes

This study was performed to compare the transumbilical (TU) and transvaginal (TV) routes for adnexal mass removal from the abdominal cavity. Data from 93 women who underwent laparoscopic (LS) surgery for the removal of benign adnexal masses at three centres between January 2016 and December 2020 were examined retrospectively. The specimen retrieval times in the TU and TV groups were 9.0 +/- 2.0 and 9.8 +/- 2.5 min, respectively (p = .373). Additional analgesic was required in 13.8% and 14.3% of cases in the TU and TV groups, respectively. The mean 3-month (2-4 months) postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score was lower in the TV group than in the TU group. The postoperative vaginal length did not differ between the TU and TV groups (8.9 (8.7-9.1) vs. 8.7 (8.4-9.1) cm; p = .465). Oophorectomy and the TU route were found to be independent risk factors for the worsening of the VAS score. Sexual function index scores were similar in the two groups. The TV method for specimen removal in LS surgery may cause less pain in the early postoperative period and less dyspareunia in the later period without shortening the length of the vagina.Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Compared with open procedures, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is associated with faster recovery times, better patient quality of life and lower postoperative complication rates. The removal of an adnexal mass from the abdominal cavity is performed most commonly using the suprapubic, transumbilical (TU) or transvaginal (TV) route. What do the results of this study add? The specimen retrieval times in the TU and TV groups were 9.0 +/- 2.0 and 9.8 +/- 2.5 min, respectively (p = .373). The mean 3-month (2-4 months) postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score was lower in the TV group than in the TU group. Oophorectomy and the TU route were found to be independent risk factors for the worsening of the VAS score. Sexual function index scores were similar in the two groups. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In conclusion, specimen removal via the TV route in LS surgery may cause less pain in the early postoperative period and less dyspareunia in the later period without reducing the length of the vagina

Postoperative nomogram for the prediction of disease-free survival in lymph node-negative stage I?IIA cervical cancer patients treated with radical hysterectomy

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram for individual prediction of recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) among lymph node (LN)-negative early-stage (I?IIA) cervical cancer (CC) patients treated with Type B or Type C2 hysterectomy. Data were collected from patients diagnosed with CC between 1995 and 2017 at the Gynecological Oncology Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital. A total of 194 cases with stage IA2?IIA CC were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with stage IA2?IIA CC who underwent radical (Type C2) or modified radical (Type B) hysterectomy and pelvic???paraaortic LN dissection with LN negativity were included in the study. The relationships between prognostic factors such as stage, tumour size, parametrial involvement, vaginal cuff margin, endomyometrial infiltration, and lymphovascular space invasion status and DFS were compared using a univariable Cox regression model. When the nomogram was prepared, the scores of the risk factors were collected, and we observed that scores were at least 0 to a maximum of 414 points. The concordance-index for the nomogram was 0.895 (95% confidence interval, 0.79?0.99). The nomogram based on the indicated prognostic factors yielded excellent results in predicting recurrence in early-stage CC patients without LN metastasis who underwent radical hysterectomy.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Pathology of radical hysterectomy specimens in patients with early-stage cervical cancer provides information that has predictive prognostic potential. In addition to FIGO stage, other important prognostic factors are lymph node status, tumour size, parametrial involvement, vaginal cuff margin status, endomyometrial infiltration, histological type, patient age, lymphovascular space invasion, histological grade, and depth of cervical stromal invasion. What do the results of this study add? In this study, patients with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent radical and modified radical hysterectomy without retroperitoneal lymph node involvement were evaluated, and recurrence development and factors affecting disease-free survival were investigated. A nomogram consisting of factors influencing disease-free survival was constructed. The total score was determined according to the status of all risk factors. This allowed clear definition of the risk for each patient. A nomogram predicting recurrence in patients with stages IA2?IIA cervical cancer with radical hysterectomy without lymph node involvement has not previously been published

The role of changes in systemic inflammatory response markers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in predicting suboptimal surgery in ovarian cancer

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet count and their dynamic changes during chemotherapy to predict suboptimal interval debulking surgery (IDS) in stage IIIC-IVA serous ovarian cancer (OC)

Do estrogen, progesterone, P53 and Ki67 receptor ratios determined from curettage materials in endometrioid-type endometrial carcinoma predict lymph node metastasis?

Aim: Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki-67 and P53 receptor levels in endometrial curettage material were investigated for their ability to predict lymph node (LN) involvement in patients with endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EEC)

Is the measurement of the size of uterine lesions with positron emission tomography consistent in pre- and postmenopausal periods in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer?

Objective: We aimed to investigate the correlation of the size and volume of uterine tumors obtained using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and pathology specimens in patients with endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EEC) in the premenopausal period, and to compare the results with those of postmenopausal women. In the premenopausal period, the endometrium uses more glucose than in the postmenopausal period. Therefore, the measurement of uterine tumor size using PET/CT in the premenopausal period may normally be different

Management of Vertebral Metastasis in Patients With Uterine Cervical Cancer

Aim We sought to identify risk factors and management options for uterine cervical cancer (UCC) patients with a vertebral metastasis (VM) treated over the course of 23 years

Evaluation of the optimal laparoscopic method for benign ovarian mass extraction: a transumbilical route using a bag made from a surgical glove versus a lateral transabdominal route employing a standard endobag

We compared two transumbilical (TU) routes of surgical specimen retrieval in women with ovarian masses treated via laparoscopy: a bag made from a surgical glove and lateral transabdominal (LTA) retrieval employing a standard endobag. A total of 109 women undergoing laparoscopic surgery to treat benign adnexal masses were retrospectively evaluated between 2014 and 2017. In total, 57 masses were removed via the TU route and 52 via the LTA route. We recorded the ovarian mass size; additional postoperative analgesic drug requirements. Postoperative incisional pain scores were assessed using a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS), time to discharge and procedure type. The mean VAS scores at 1h (5.0 +/- 1.7 vs. 6.3 +/- 1.3; p <.001); 12h (0.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.2 +/- 1.1; p=.004); and 24 h (0.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.6; p < .001) were lower in the TU-removal group. Furthermore, additional postoperative analgesic drug requirements were significantly higher in the LTA-removal group (10 (19.2%) vs. 3 (5.3%); p(-).03). During laparoscopic surgery, removal of an ovarian mass via an umbilical port (compared to a lateral port) causes less postoperative pain and does not increase the risk of wound complications such as infection or hernia.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Laparoscopy has been used for the last 30 years. Constant improvement in the technique and equipment has allowed extensive, laparoscopic pelvic and abdominal surgery affording better outcomes than open surgery, an improved recovery, less pain, and fewer postoperative complications. However, mass removal remains a concern. Most laparoscopic specimens are larger than the initial trocar incision. Minimally invasive, adnexal mass surgery usually requires a trocar at least 10mm wide to remove the mass. Alternatively, adnexal mass extraction from the abdominal cavity can proceed via a suprapubic, umbilical, or vaginal route.What do the results of this study add? During laparoscopic surgery, ovarian mass removal through an umbilical port using an endobag made from a surgical glove is useful due to the method requiring little funds, is easy to do, and results in a lower amount of postoperative pain than a removal via a lateral port using a standard endobag.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? A transumbilical route using a bag made from a surgical glove is easy, economical, and causes less postoperative pain to the patient than removal via a lateral port employing a standard endobag

Comparison of epidural and intravenous route for acute and chronic postoperative pain control in patients with gynecological malignancy

Objectives: This study compared the effects of patient-controlled epidural and intravenous analgesia on acute and chronic postoperative pain in patients who were operated on for gynecological malignancy

Preoperative predictors of pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases in cervical cancer

Aim: This study investigated potential preoperative predictors of pelvic lymph node (PLN) and para-aortic LN (PaLN) involvement in cervical cancer (CC).Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 283 patients diagnosed with early (stage IA1-IIA) CC who underwent retroperitoneal LN dissection between January 1992 and February 2015. Several risk factors that are believed to influence PLN and PaLN involvement in CC were analyzed as follows: age >50 years, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), tumor size >= 2 cm, hemoglobin <12 g/dL, and nonsquamous cell histologic type.Results: LVSI (odds ratio [OR] = 11.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.2-24.3) and tumor size (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.4-7.2) were independent predictors of PLN involvement. None of the factors predicted PaLN involvement in a regression analysis. However, all nine patients who had PaLN involvement also had PLN involvement.Conclusion: LVSI and tumor size independently increase the risk of PLN involvement