Rapport Annuel de PerformanceActivité de l’USAID/CINSERE (1er avril-30 septembre 2016)

Ce rapport resume les activités meneées par les projet USAID/CINSERE d'avril à Septembre 2016. CINSERE est un projet de trois (3) ans (2016-2019) financé par l'USAID/Sénégal et mis en œuvre par l'ICRISAT/CCAFS en collaboration avec ANACIM. USAID/CINSERE vise à accroître l'accès et l'utilisation des services d'information climatique (SIC) pour encourager une meilleure prise de décision face aux changements climatiques et à la variabilité du climat. Les principaux bénéficiaires de l'USAID/CINSERE sont des acteurs qui vivent dans la zone d’intervention de l'USAID/Naatal Mbay, USAID/COMFISH, l'USAID/Yaajeende et de l'USAID/ERA. Ces quatre projets ont investi des ressources importantes dans la création et le renforcement des groupes d'agriculteurs et de pêcheurs artisanaux, et les institutions concernées. L'objectif de l'USAID/CINSERE est d'accroître la résilience et la productivité des communautés d’agriculteurs, pêcheurs artisanaux et éleveurs sénégalais ciblés, hommes et femmes, dans la zone d’intervention du FtF, en matière de la variabilité et le changement du climat, à travers l'amélioration de la fourniture, la communication et l'utilisation des services d’information climatiques. Cet objectif sera atteint à travers (i) le renforcement des capacités au niveau national dans la production, fourniture et l'utilisation de SIC et (ii) l'élaboration d'un cadre durable pour la vulgarisation et l’utilisation à grande échelle des SIC

Annual Performance Report – USAID/CINSERE Activity (Apr 01st – Sept 30th 2016)

During this first year (Apr 01st – Sept 30th 2016), the USAID/CINSERE activity has been technically launched through a workshop that gathered key stakeholders of the project. This allowed assessing the specific needs in Climate Information Services (CIS) of the 4 Feed the Future (FtF) projects and the possible communication channels that could be used to disse- minate the information to benefit farmers, pastoralists and fisher folks. Also, the Advisory Committee of the project has been formally setup during its first meeting concomitantly organised with the official launching ceremony with attendance of high level authorities (HEM Ambassador of USA, Secretary General of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Equip- ment and of Ministry of Tourism and Aviation Transport). A roadmap for the Advisory Com- mittee’s activities has been developed, in line with the timeline of USAID work planning and reporting for projects. The recruitment of the project staff (Project Coordinator, M&E Specialist and Climatologist) is now completed and the contract between ICRISAT/CCAFS and ANACIM has been signed. This allowed to capacitate ANACIM to start developing and communicating tailored and salient CIS in support of farms’, fisheries’ and pastoralists’ communities, including members of both sexes, in their management decision making. The above actions allowed to roll out the planned ground activities for the rainy season 2016. The main achievements in the ground include 1) the setup of 17 local multi-disciplinary working 4 groups (MWGs) in 8 regions covered by Naatal Mbay and Yaajeende projects; (2) training of key stakeholders that will disseminate CIS within each of the FtF projects (Stakeholders from government, NGOs, CBOs, private sector, etc.); (3) Dissemination of CIS to benefit farmers, fisher folks and pastoralists

Consultation meeting with key stakeholders

The  consultation  workshop  with  Burkinabe  key  stakeholders  for  the  V1  Project  within  the   Challenge  Program  on  Water  and  Food  (CPWF)  of  the  Volta  Basin  took  place  from  14  to  15   March  2011  in  Ouagadougou.  The  meeting  room  of  the  DIST  in  CNRST  was  booked  for  the   first  day  while  in  the  second  day,  the  workshop  took  place  in  the  conference  room  of  the   National  Archives  Centre.   The  opening  ceremony  was  made  by  Dr.  Eric  Kemp-­‐Benedict  (SEI/Boston,  USA)  and  Dr.   Kaboré  Séraphine  (INERA/Ouagadougou).  After  welcoming  all  attendees  of  the  workshop,   Dr.  Eric  has  thanked  INERA  for  its  active  participation  in  the  2nd  phase  of  the  CPWF  program   for  the  Volta  Basin  and  particularly  in  the  V1  project  “targeting  and  scaling  out  water   harvesting  interventions  for  agriculture”.  He  has  outlined  the  objectives  of  the  workshop,   that  is,  to  consult  and  discuss  among  actors  for  the  better  understanding  of  the   methodology  adopted  for  the  V1  research  project.   The  coordinator  of  the  V1  project  in  INERA  (Dr.  Kaboré)  seconded  Dr.  Eric  and,  on  behalf  of   the  Director  of  INERA  welcomed  the  trainer  as  well  as  all  participants  who  positively   responded  to  her  invitation.  She  argued  that  the  main  objective  of  the  project  is  to  elaborate   a  reliable  tool  suitable  for  scaling  out  good  water  management  practices  and  approaches  for   food  production  in  the  Volta  Basin.  She  finally  asked  attendees  to  actively  work  for  the   success  of  the  workshop.   After  this  ceremony,  each  attendee  was  asked  to  fully  present  himself.  This  was  followed  by   two  PowerPoint  presentations  of  an  overview  of  the  project.  Attendees  were  from  INERA,   government  institutions,  NGOs  and  development  projects  on  water  and  agriculture

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, antenatal diagnosis: about one case

Antenatal ultrasound screening of fetal malformations requires for management, the immediate nature of which at certain birth, conditions the survival of the newborn. The Objectives Describe a case of pulmonary cystic adenomatoid malformation discover during antenatal ultrasonography. It was a 36 years old primary patient, referred to the maternity of Lafontaine hospital (France) for the presence, on obstetrical ultrasound screening, of suspected lesions on the foetal right lung’s field in a 21 weeks gestation pregnancy. After successive obstetric ultrasound scan, it was discovered that the left lungs were big with some parenchymal cysts of different sizes more than 3 mm in diameter. We made a diagnosis of type I left pulmonary cyst adenoma with excess amniotic fluid, without associated anomalies. The pregnancy progressed to 40 weeks gestation and a caesarean section was done with extraction of a live female new born weighing 2730 gr. The new born had 40 days later a successful surgical lobectomy for a cystic adenomatoid dysplasia. Histological examination revealed type I Stocker congenital pulmonary cystic adenomatoid malformation. During obstetrical ultrasound screening, we paid more attention to the brain, the heart, the face. Through this study we realised that during routine antenatal ultrasound for morphology, we should also pay more attention to the lungs

NEEDS AND DETERMINANTS OF ACCESS TO CLIMATE INFORMATION SERVICES BY WOMEN PRODUCERS IN SENEGAL

Climate change affects differently men and women around the world. Due to women’s limited access to, and control over key assets, information and inputs for instance, they tend to be disadvantaged in terms of ability, flexibility and means to change their agricultural practices to adapt to a changing climate (Bryan et al. 2012). In sub-Saharan Africa in particular, where women are mostly engaged in rain-fed agriculture under precarious conditions, the effects of land degradation linked to climate change are increasingly affecting their production system. This is why the gender roles in climate-related practices and policies is more and more desired. In order to improve farmers’ capacity to cope with recurrent climate variability through the use of climate information, a study was conducted in 10 Regions of Senegal. The specific objectives were to: i) understand and identify farming adaptation practices used by men and women, ii) determine the climate information needs from women, and iii) identify the factors that can influence women's access to climate information

Maternal mortality by direct obstetric causes in an urban referral hospital: case of Boulmiougou District Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Background: Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading causes of death and disability for women of childbearing age. Objective of this study was to study maternal mortality of direct obstetric origin at the Boulmiougou district hospital from 2010 to 2014.Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study of maternal deaths by direct obstetric cause at the maternity ward of Boulmiougou District Hospital during the period from January 1st 2010 to December 31st, 2014, i.e. 5 years.Results: The maternal mortality rate by direct obstetric cause of 147.68 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The average age of the patients was 27.09 years old. The direct causes of maternal death were hemorrhage (47.06%), hypertensive disorders (20.59%), infections (14.71%) and unsafe abortion (11.76%). Contributing factors to maternal deaths were delay in evacuation (47.06%) and delay in care (38.23%).Conclusions: Maternal mortality remains high in the Boulmiougou District Hospital. To effectively combat maternal mortality, it is important to focus on the continuous training of staff and the strengthening of the technical platform

Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria provides substantial protection against malaria in children already protected by an insecticide-treated bednet in Burkina Faso: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in children (IPTc) is a promising new approach to the control of malaria in areas of seasonal malaria transmission but it is not known if IPTc adds to the protection provided by an insecticide-treated net (ITN). METHODS AND FINDINGS: An individually randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of seasonal IPTc was conducted in Burkina Faso in children aged 3 to 59 months who were provided with a long-lasting insecticide-treated bednet (LLIN). Three rounds of treatment with sulphadoxine pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine or placebos were given at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission season. Passive surveillance for malaria episodes was established, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at the end of the malaria transmission season, and use of ITNs was monitored during the intervention period. Incidence rates of malaria were compared using a Cox regression model and generalized linear models were fitted to examine the effect of IPTc on the prevalence of malaria infection, anaemia, and on anthropometric indicators. 3,052 children were screened and 3,014 were enrolled in the trial; 1,505 in the control arm and 1,509 in the intervention arm. Similar proportions of children in the two treatment arms were reported to sleep under an LLIN during the intervention period (93%). The incidence of malaria, defined as fever or history of fever with parasitaemia ≥ 5,000/µl, was 2.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.70-3.06) per child during the intervention period in the control arm versus 0.87 (95% CI 0.78-0.97) in the intervention arm, a protective efficacy (PE) of 70% (95% CI 66%-74%) (p<0.001). There was a 69% (95% CI 6%-90%) reduction in incidence of severe malaria (p = 0.04) and a 46% (95% CI 7%-69%) (p = 0.03) reduction in the incidence of all-cause hospital admissions. IPTc reduced the prevalence of malaria infection at the end of the malaria transmission season by 73% (95% CI 68%-77%) (p<0.001) and that of moderately severe anaemia by 56% (95% CI 36%-70%) (p<0.001). IPTc reduced the risks of wasting (risk ratio [RR] = 0.79; 95% CI 0.65-1.00) (p = 0.05) and of being underweight (RR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.72-0.99) (p = 0.03). Children who received IPTc were 2.8 (95% CI 2.3-3.5) (p<0.001) times more likely to vomit than children who received placebo but no drug-related serious adverse event was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: IPT of malaria provides substantial protection against malaria in children who sleep under an ITN. There is now strong evidence to support the integration of IPTc into malaria control strategies in areas of seasonal malaria transmission. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govNCT00738946. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

THE HEADIC ISSUE OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION: AN EMERGENT CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE OF JOBS

The article goes through the different stages of human at work and it current practices then focuses on the digital revolution coming on. It explores the effects on jobs in the transport and banking sectors. What are the countries that are well prepared for that revolution? Are Africa and Burkina ready for the digital transformation? The lack of infrastructure is severe in some countries. The main keys are to strengthen the educations systems, to build a solid lifelong system and the use the tools of change management. The findings show that countries have an important role to play but also international organizations like ILO, UNESCO, OCED, EU, and AU. Keywords: Digital revolution, Challenge, Jobs, Future

Renforcement des capacités en appui aux services météorologiques, hydrologiques et climatiques du Mali et du Niger Rapport d’activité : Planification des investissements et orientations vers le partenariat public-privé pour l’appui aux services hydro-météorologiques et climatiques au Mali

L’utilisation des services hydrométéorologiques et climatiques (SHMCs) constitue une opportunité pour le Mali dans ses efforts visant à réduire la pauvreté, renforcer la résilience et s’adapter au changement climatique. En effet, les SHMCs permettent de protéger les populations contre les risques climatiques à court terme ou à évolution rapide (inondations et tempêtes) et à long terme ou à évolution lente (p. ex. sécheresses et changement climatique durable). Le développement des SHMCs nécessite des investissements à toutes les étapes de la chaîne de valeur de l’information allant de la création et du renforcement des réseaux d’observation à la mise en place de services permettant aux communautés, aux décisionnaires et aux entreprises de comprendre et d’exploiter les informations météorologiques et climatologiques, en passant par la conception de produits adaptés aux risques et par l’amélioration de la communication et du partage d’information. Pour moderniser ses SHMCs, le Mali doit exploiter les capacités existantes, créer des liens entre les projets et les institutions, mais aussi adopter les dernières technologies à bas coût et favoriser les flux de revenus tant dans le secteur public que privé. Pour ce faire, le pays doit envisager un nouveau partenariat entre le secteur public et le secteur privé. La mise en place d’un modèle durable de fourniture de services hydrométéorologiques efficaces requiert que les décideurs politiques examinent attentivement la situation actuelle et définir un nouveau cadre pour la mise en œuvre de ce service public essentiel. L’objectif global de cette étude était de fournir des orientations pour le développement de modèles de partenariats public-privé (PPP) pour les SHMCs au Mali. Pour ce faire, l’équipe de l’étude a procédé à : (i) une analyse de la situation des SHMCs au Mali, (ii) une évaluation des besoins d’investissement pour la modernisation des SHMC, (iii) une revue des bonnes pratiques au niveau régional et global en matière de modèles de PPP pour les SHMCs, (iii) une analyse de cas concrets de modèles d’affaires sur les SHMC impliquant le secteur privé afin de proposer de modèles de PPP pour les SHMC au Mali. Les données de l’étude ont été collectées à travers : (i) une revue de la littérature sur les bonnes pratiques en matière de PPP pour les SHMCN, (ii) des entretiens semi-structurés et des enquêtes auprès des acteurs de la chaine de production, traduction, transfert et utilisation des SHMCs et (iii) des enquêtes des acteurs potentiels du secteur public et privé pour le PPP sur les SHMCs. Les enquêtes ont été conduites de mars à juin 2020 dans un contexte de pandémie du COVID 19 qui a créé une réticence des partenaires du secteur privé à recevoir l’équipe d’investigation du fait des mesures barrières. Les résultats de l’étude ont montré que : - Les besoins totaux en financement s’élèvent à 4 470 223 084 F CFA (soit 6 814 811 Euros) avec 72% destinés aux équipements d’observations et de mesures, 15% aux matériels informatiques et technologie de communication) et 12% à la formation du personnel des SHMCs. - Il existe des opportunités de financement aussi par le secteur public et que privé d’où l’opportunité de développer des modèles de PPP pour les SHMC au Mali. - Il y a des cas de succès en matière de PPP dans le domaine des SHMC en Afrique de l’ouest notamment au Sénégal, Ghana et au Mali. Au Mali, plusieurs services ont été développés à travers des modèles de PPP impliquant Orange Mali et d’autres acteurs pour diffuser des informations climatiques aux utilisateurs à travers les programmes Sandji, Sénèkela et Garbal. - Trois modèles génériques de PPP pour les SHMC peuvent être envisagés au Mali : (i) un modèle de renforcement de la production services, (ii) un modèle de diffusion des services et (iii) un modèle de développement de nouveaux produits à partir des SHMC. La mise en œuvre effective de ces PPP nécessite une démarche rigoureuse consistant à (i) informer/communiquer pour instaurer la confiance entre les acteurs des partenariats, informer sur les 3 opportunités d’affaires pour le secteur privé, (ii) identifier et formuler des PPP pertinents (iii) mettre en œuvre et suivre les exigences contractuelles en lien avec les principes et les caractéristiques requis pour les projets de PPP et à (iv) développer le PPP pour la pérennité

Insect pests of post-harvest storage in promising crop sectors in Burkina Faso: current concerns and prospects for solutions: Presentation

Effective post-harvest management of crops could significantly contribute to food security by improving the availability and quality of food. In Burkina Faso, new concerns have emerged as a result of the growing importance accorded to sesame (Sesamum indica), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), "zamnè" (Acacia macrostachya), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The insects identified as storage pests on these crops belong mainly to the order Coleoptera and families of Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae and Bostrichidae are the most representative. The studies carried out allowed a better knowledge of the pests as well as their economic importance. Losses due to insects, estimated up to 100% depending on the crop and protection methods used, are frequently observed after a few months of grain storage. Several alternatives to the use of chemicals including biological control, biopesticides and hermetic storage are being promoted. The triple bagging technology is one of the promising alternatives that can adapt to the post-harvest storage of a wide range of crops. Despite its proven effectiveness for several commodities, there is need to verify its efficiency against a diversity of insect pests with differing behaviour and evolution. The importance of the challenges is such that the strategies to be implemented must be conceived in a comprehensive, integrated approach, even at the regional scale.Effective post-harvest management of crops could significantly contribute to food security by improving the availability and quality of food. In Burkina Faso, new concerns have emerged as a result of the growing importance accorded to sesame (Sesamum indica), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), "zamnè" (Acacia macrostachya), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The insects identified as storage pests on these crops belong mainly to the order Coleoptera and families of Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae and Bostrichidae are the most representative. The studies carried out allowed a better knowledge of the pests as well as their economic importance. Losses due to insects, estimated up to 100% depending on the crop and protection methods used, are frequently observed after a few months of grain storage. Several alternatives to the use of chemicals including biological control, biopesticides and hermetic storage are being promoted. The triple bagging technology is one of the promising alternatives that can adapt to the post-harvest storage of a wide range of crops. Despite its proven effectiveness for several commodities, there is need to verify its efficiency against a diversity of insect pests with differing behaviour and evolution. The importance of the challenges is such that the strategies to be implemented must be conceived in a comprehensive, integrated approach, even at the regional scale