A study of the best spanish training practices for police officers

Within the last ten years, the Hispanic population in the United States has grown immensely. This presents a communication problem between the Hispanic communities and the police departments who protect and serve them. This also creates a serious liability issue for police departments. Currently, law enforcement is struggling to adequately train police officers how to speak Spanish. This research examines ways for Chesterfield and Henrico County Police Departments to develop the Spanish-speaking skills of their current police officers. This research further provides details of possible costs to provide adequate Spanish-speaking training to the police officers in both counties. The data gathered tends to support that the police officers do not have adequate training to learn to speak Spanish. The police officers believe learning certain phrases will assist them in their daily duties. Therefore, an elaborate program was developed to help these officers in both counties train police officers to speak Spanish

Widespread distribution and altered pain processing in head and neck cancer survivors at long‑term after treatment

Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Granada/CBUAPurposeRadiotherapy (RT) treatment in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients may induce long-term sequels as pain, which nowadays is not fully understand. Therefore, there is a need of characterization of pain features in HNC to enhance after oncology treatment management. Head and neck cancer survivors develop chronic pain after radiotherapy treatment. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the presence of pain, pain distribution, and pain processing by means of patient reported outcomes and quantitative sensory testing.MethodsPain pressure threshold (PPT), temporal summation (TS), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Widespread Pain Index (WPI), The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and EuroQol5D5L were assessed in 20 head and neck cancer survivors (sHNC) and 20 health-related sex and age-matched controls.ResultsThe sHNC present lower PPT values in both the affected and non-affected side than did the healthy controls, especially in the widespread pain in the body, an altered TS in both affected and non-affected side and lower scores in quality of life and arm dysfunction.ConclusionsFollowing radiotherapy treatment after 1 year, sHNC present widespread pain, hypersensitivity in the radiated area, altered pain processing, upper limb affection, and a QoL diminution. These data provide evidence that a peripheral and central sensitization is happening in sHNC. Future efforts should focus on preventing pain after oncologic treatment. The comprehension about pain and its features in sHNC enhance health professional understanding and allows to tailor an optimal patient-targeted pain treatment.Universidad de Granada/CBU

Neurophysiological pain education for patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of neurophysiological pain education in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis considering pain-related variables. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. A search was conducted in PubMed, PEDro Database, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only randomized controlled trials enrolling patients ≥ 18 years of age with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were included. The Downs and Black quality assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the articles, and the risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Results A total of 7 studies were included in the study. Most of the studies were rated as “fair” on the Downs and Black quality assessment tool, and in the category of “some concerns” according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Neurophysiological pain education was conducted alone or combined with exercise, joint mobilizations, or self-management programs. The number of sessions ranged from 1 to 10. The meta-analysis results showed significant differences in favor of the intervention group in pain (MD = −0.49; 95% CI = −0.66; −0.32; p < 0.001) and catastrophization (MD = −1.81; 95% CI = −3.31, −0.3; p = 0.02). Conclusion, practice implications Neurophysiological pain education interventions in isolation or combined with exercise, joint mobilizations, or self-management programs have proven to significantly improve pain and catastrophization in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. These findings could provide clinicians with more information regarding the management of patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.Spanish Ministry of Education through a grant for the training of uni- versity faculty (code FPU:19/02609,FPU: 20/01670 and FPU: 21/ 00451, respectively)

Characteristics of Frailty in Perimenopausal Women with Long COVID-19

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of risk factors for frailty between perimenopausal women with long COVID-19 syndrome, women having successfully recovered from COVID-19, and controls from the community. Women with a diagnosis of long COVID-19 and at least one symptom related to the perimenopausal period, women who had successfully recovered from COVID-19, and healthy women of comparable age were included in this study. Symptom severity and functional disability were assessed with the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale, and the presence of frailty was evaluated considering the Fried criteria. A total of 195 women were included in the study, distributed over the three groups. The long COVID-19 group showed a higher prevalence of perimenopausal symptoms and impact of COVID-19. Statistically significant differences were found between the long COVID-19 group and the other two groups for the frailty variables. When studying the associations between frailty variables and COVID-19 symptom impact, significant positive correlations were found. Perimenopausal women with long COVID-19 syndrome present more frailty-related factors and experience a higher range of debilitating ongoing symptoms. A significant relationship is shown to exist between long COVID-19 syndrome-related disability and symptoms and frailty variables, resulting in an increased chance of presenting disability.Formación Profesorado Universitario (FPU) grant (FPU: 19/02609) from the Spanish Ministry of EducationFPU grant (FPU: 21/00451) for the training of university faculty from the University of GranadaCollege of Physiotherapists of Andalucia, (Project Ref: 06195/21D/MA

Post-COVID Patients With New-Onset Chronic Pain 2 Years After Infection: Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Although pain is common in non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 syndrome, only a few studies have provided information on the pain experience of these patients. Aim: To identify the clinical and psychosocial profile associated with pain in non-hospitalized patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. Method: In this study there were three groups: healthy control group, successfully recovered group, and post-COVID syndrome group. Pain-related clinical profile and pain-related psychosocial variables were collected. Pain-related clinical profile included: pain intensity and interference (Brief Pain Inventory), central sensitization (Central Sensitization Scale), insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index), and pain treatment. Pain-related psychosocial variables were: fear of movement and (re)injury (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), depression, anxiety and stress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale), and fear-avoidance beliefs (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire). Results: In all, 170 participants were included in the study (healthy control group n = 58, successfully recovered group n = 57, and post-COVID syndrome group n = 55). Post-COVID syndrome group obtained significantly worse punctuation in pain-related clinical profile and psychosocial variables than the other two groups (p < .05). Conclusions: In conclusion, patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome have experienced high pain intensity and interference, central sensitization, increased insomnia severity, fear of movement, catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, depression, anxiety, and stres

Efficacy in urinary symptom burden, psychological distress, and self‑efficacy of education‑enhanced interventions in prostate cancer patients: a systematic review and meta‑analyses

Background Worldwide, prostate cancer is both the second-most diagnosed cancer and most common solid tumor in men. Prostate cancer patients present with a symptom burden that is compounded by the impact of medical oncology treatment, affecting different domains of their perceived health status. Education active techniques are a key role in chronic disease to increase participation in their recovery. Purpose The purpose of the current review was to examine the efficacy of education-enhanced in urinary symptom burden, psychological distress, and self-efficacy in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Methods A wide search of the literature was conducted for articles from their inception to June 2022. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Data extraction and methodologic quality assessment of the studies were carried out by two reviewers. We previously registered the protocol of this systematic review on PROSPERO (CRD42022331954). Results A total of six studies were included in the study. After education-enhanced intervention showed significant improvements in any of perceived urinary symptom burden, one in psychological distress, and one in self-efficacy in the experimental group. The meta-analysis showed that education-enhanced interventions have a significant effect on depression. Conclusion Education-enhanced could have positive effects on urinary symptom burden, psychological distress, and selfefficacy in prostate cancer survivors. Our review was unable to demonstrate the best timing to apply education-enhanced strategies.Universidad de Granada/ CBUAFPU (Formación Profesorado Universitario)The Spanish Ministry of Education (Spain) (FPU: 21/00451, FPU 20/01670, and FPU 19/02609)

Musculoskeletal, Functional and Performance Impairment in Female Overhead Athletes with a Previous Shoulder Injury

Background: Shoulder injuries are substantial problems in overhead athletes, and more studies are necessary to deepen the knowledge on this type of injury. The objective of this study was to compare the overall function and performance of female overhead athletes with and without a previous history of shoulder injuries. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, female overhead athletes with and without a previous shoulder injury were included. Muscular impairment, the stability of the shoulder, strength, scapular dyskinesia, functionality and sports performance were evaluated. A total of 50 females were included. Results: There were significant differences in strength (p = 0.046) and stability (p = 0.039) between groups, with a poorer score in the group with a history of shoulder injury. Regarding scapular dyskinesia, significant differences were also observed between groups (p = 0.048), with higher levels of dyskinesia in the group with previous shoulder injury. Also, muscular impairment showed significant differences between groups for the three muscles evaluated (p < 0.005). Additionally, the group without a previous shoulder injury presented with a significantly greater score in functionality (p = 0.046) and sports performance (p = 0.004). Conclusion: In conclusion, previous shoulder injuries are an important factor to take into account in female overhead athletes. Players with a history of shoulder injury present clinical impairments during the game, leading to poorer functional status and performance in sport.Spanish Ministry of Education through a grant for the training of university lecturers (FPU: 21/00451; FPU:20/01670; FPU: 19/02609