Investigación multidisciplinar en neurociencias de la conducta: experiencia virtual de una movilidad internacional en el año 2020

Due to the restructuring of activities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, student mobility around the world is being delivered online. On one hand, the management of internationalization between higher education institutions to carry out research internships predominates. On the other hand, there is little reflection on the experience of these virtual internships. The aim of this paper is to highlight, through the analysis of the case of the visiting students program of Universidad Veracruzana (Mexico), delivered online for the first time in summer 2020, the importance of the virtual multidisciplinary research internship carried out by Colombian students from different fields of study, who shared a common interest in behavioral neuroscience. Connected with the Institute of Neuroethology in Mexico, which focuses on the biological mechanisms underlying behavior, the future professionals in nursing, accounting and law demonstrate through research activities the contribution of neuroscientific knowledge in taking care of others, in promoting financial culture, and in the practice of litigation, respectively. Additionally, these students bring to the program their personal experience. The paper concludes that although student mobility is virtual, it is still possible to do research, exchange cultural and personal experiences, without diminishing the learning challenges that experimental disciplines online present, but strengthening meaningful learning practices.La movilidad estudiantil en el mundo se realiza en modalidad virtual debido a la restructuración de actividades por la COVID-19. Predomina la gestión de la internacionalización entre instituciones de educación superior para realizar estancias de investigación, sin embargo, es escasa la reflexión sobre la experiencia de estas estancias. Así, con el caso del programa de alumnos visitantes de la Universidad Veracruzana de México, realizado por primera vez en modalidad virtual en el verano 2020, el objetivo de este artículo es resaltar la importancia de la estancia virtual de investigación multidisciplinar realizada entre estudiantes colombianos de diferentes profesiones cuyos intereses convergieron en las neurociencias de la conducta. Conectados con el Instituto de Neuroetología en México, donde se estudian las bases biológicas de la conducta, los futuros profesionales en enfermería, contabilidad y derecho, a través de actividades de investigación, evidencian la contribución del conocimiento neurocientífico en el cuidado de otros, en el fomento de la cultura financiera, y en el ejercicio del litigio, respectivamente, y aportan su experiencia personal. Se concluye que, aunque la movilidad estudiantil sea virtual, es posible hacer investigación, intercambiar experiencias culturales y personales, sin desconocer los retos de aprendizaje para las disciplinas experimentales, pero fortaleciendo el aprendizaje significativo

Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación de la falla cardiaca en población mayor de 18 años, clasificación B, C y D

La falla cardíaca es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por síntomas y signos típicos de insuficiencia cardíaca, adicional a la evidencia objetiva de una anomalía estructural o funcional del corazón. Guía completa 2016. Guía No. 53Población mayor de 18 añosN/

Investigación multidisciplinar en neurociencias de la conducta: experiencia virtual de una movilidad internacional en el año 2020

Due to the restructuring of activities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, student mobility around the world is being delivered online. On one hand, the management of internationalization between higher education institutions to carry out research internships predominates. On the other hand, there is little reflection on the experience of these virtual internships. The aim of this paper is to highlight, through the analysis of the case of the visiting students program of Universidad Veracruzana (Mexico), delivered online for the first time in summer 2020, the importance of the virtual multidisciplinary research internship carried out by Colombian students from different fields of study, who shared a common interest in behavioral neuroscience. Connected with the Institute of Neuroethology in Mexico, which focuses on the biological mechanisms underlying behavior, the future professionals in nursing, accounting and law demonstrate through research activities the contribution of neuroscientific knowledge in taking care of others, in promoting financial culture, and in the practice of litigation, respectively. Additionally, these students bring to the program their personal experience. The paper concludes that although student mobility is virtual, it is still possible to do research, exchange cultural and personal experiences, without diminishing the learning challenges that experimental disciplines online present, but strengthening meaningful learning practices.La movilidad estudiantil en el mundo se realiza en modalidad virtual debido a la restructuración de actividades por la COVID-19. Predomina la gestión de la internacionalización entre instituciones de educación superior para realizar estancias de investigación, sin embargo, es escasa la reflexión sobre la experiencia de estas estancias. Así, con el caso del programa de alumnos visitantes de la Universidad Veracruzana de México, realizado por primera vez en modalidad virtual en el verano 2020, el objetivo de este artículo es resaltar la importancia de la estancia virtual de investigación multidisciplinar realizada entre estudiantes colombianos de diferentes profesiones cuyos intereses convergieron en las neurociencias de la conducta. Conectados con el Instituto de Neuroetología en México, donde se estudian las bases biológicas de la conducta, los futuros profesionales en enfermería, contabilidad y derecho, a través de actividades de investigación, evidencian la contribución del conocimiento neurocientífico en el cuidado de otros, en el fomento de la cultura financiera, y en el ejercicio del litigio, respectivamente, y aportan su experiencia personal. Se concluye que, aunque la movilidad estudiantil sea virtual, es posible hacer investigación, intercambiar experiencias culturales y personales, sin desconocer los retos de aprendizaje para las disciplinas experimentales, pero fortaleciendo el aprendizaje significativo

Colombian surgical outcomes study insights on perioperative mortality rate, a main indicator of the lancet commission on global surgery – a prospective cohort studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017

Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes

BACKGROUND: Statin therapy reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular events, but whether the addition of ezetimibe, a nonstatin drug that reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, can reduce the rate of cardiovascular events further is not known. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial involving 18,144 patients who had been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome within the preceding 10 days and had LDL cholesterol levels of 50 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 2.6 mmol per liter) if they were receiving lipid-lowering therapy or 50 to 125 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 3.2 mmol per liter) if they were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. The combination of simvastatin (40 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) (simvastatin-ezetimibe) was compared with simvastatin (40 mg) and placebo (simvastatin monotherapy). The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary revascularization ( 6530 days after randomization), or nonfatal stroke. The median follow-up was 6 years. RESULTS: The median time-weighted average LDL cholesterol level during the study was 53.7 mg per deciliter (1.4 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 69.5 mg per deciliter (1.8 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier event rate for the primary end point at 7 years was 32.7% in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 34.7% in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (absolute risk difference, 2.0 percentage points; hazard ratio, 0.936; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.99; P = 0.016). Rates of pre-specified muscle, gallbladder, and hepatic adverse effects and cancer were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: When added to statin therapy, ezetimibe resulted in incremental lowering of LDL cholesterol levels and improved cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, lowering LDL cholesterol to levels below previous targets provided additional benefit

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN