Evidência de validade do teste de conhecimento tático processual para orientação esportiva - TCTP: OE

Este estudo objetivou investigar a evidência de validade de conteúdo, de construto e confiabilidade do teste de conhecimento tático processual para orientação esportiva (TCTP: OE) de crianças e jovens nos jogos esportivos coletivos de invasão (basquetebol, futsal e handebol). No processo de validade de conteúdo participaram como juízes 11 técnicos, sendo três de basquetebol, quatro de futsal e quatro de handebol. Nos procedimentos empíricos a amostra foi composta por um total de 570 participantes. A média de idade dos participantes do estudo foi de 10,32 ± 1,45 anos. A validade de conteúdo foi determinada pelo cálculo do coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC). Utilizou-se análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) para a validade de construto. O método utilizado foi o de componentes principais com rotação ortogonal Varimax e normalização Kaiser. A Confiabilidade do TCTP: OE foi estabelecida, por meio do método teste re-teste em dias diferentes. A técnica usada foi a correlação intraclasse (ICC). Em relação à validade de conteúdo o CVC calculado para clareza da linguagem (CVCt = 0,83), pertinência prática (CVCt = 0,91) e relevância teórica (CVCt = 0,95) foi satisfatório. A análise fatorial exploratória confirmou a estrutura do modelo final com dois fatores, denominados de ataque e defesa, explicando em todos os casos acima de 66% da variância. Em relação à confiabilidade do instrumento o TCTP: OE apresentou valores satisfatórios e excelentes (ICC ≥ 0,4). Conclui-se que o TCTP: OE viabiliza a avaliação do jogador seja com mão/pé, o que determina uma avaliação condizente com os atuais preceitos da iniciação esportiva

Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. RESULTS: Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders

The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI): Development and preliminary validation

The purpose of this article is to report on the development and validation of the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). The GPAI is a multidimensional system designed to measure game performance behaviors that demonstrate tactical understanding, as well as the player’s ability to solve tactical problems by selecting and applying appropriate skills. The GPAI provides analyses of individual game performance components (e.g., decisions made, skill execution, and support) and/or overall performance (e.g., game involvement and game performance). The individual game performance components were developed and evaluated by experts to determine validity and reliability. The GPAI protocol was field tested across three categories of games: invasion (soccer and basketball), net/wall (volleyball), and field/run/score (softball). Validity and reliability were examined through three separate studies using middle school physical education specialists and their sixth-grade classes. Findings suggest that the GPAI provides a valid and reliable method for assessing game performance.</jats:p

Older Patients' Aversion to Antidepressants: A Qualitative Study

BACKGROUND: Depression is common among older patients yet is often inadequately treated. Patient beliefs about antidepressants are known to affect treatment initiation and adherence, but are often not expressed in clinical settings. OBJECTIVE: To explore attitudes toward antidepressants in a sample of depressed, community-dwelling elders who were offered treatment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews. PARTICIPANTS: Primary care patients age 60 years and over with depression, from academic and community primary care practices of the University of Pennsylvania Health System and the Philadelphia Department of Veterans Affairs. Patients participated in either the Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial or the Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for the Elderly Trial. Sixty-eight patients were interviewed and responses from 42 participants with negative attitudes toward medication for depression were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS: Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and entered into a qualitative software program for coding and analysis. A multidisciplinary team of investigators coded the transcripts and identified key features of narratives expressing aversion to antidepressants. RESULTS: Four themes characterized resistance to antidepressants: (1) fear of dependence; (2) resistance to viewing depressive symptoms as a medical illness; (3) concern that antidepressants will prevent natural sadness; (4) prior negative experiences with medications for depression. CONCLUSIONS: Many elders resisted the use of antidepressants. Patients expressed concerns that seem to reflect their concept of depression as well as their specific concerns regarding antidepressants. These findings may enhance patient-provider communication about depression treatment in elders

The role of nonlinear pedagogy in physical education

In physical education, the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) pedagogical strategy has attracted significant attention from theoreticians and educators for allowing the development of game education through a tactic-to-skill approach involving the use of modified games. However, some have proposed that as an educational framework, it lacks adequate theoretical grounding from a motor learning perspective to empirically augment its perceived effectiveness. The authors examine the literature base providing the theoretical underpinning for TGfU and explore the potential of a nonlinear pedagogical framework, based on dynamical systems theory, as a suitable explanation for TGfU's effectiveness in physical education. Nonlinear pedagogy involves manipulating key task constraints on learners to facilitate the emergence of functional movement patterns and decision-making behaviors. The authors explain how interpreting motor learning processes from a nonlinear pedagogical framework can underpin the educational principles of TGfU and provide a theoretical rationale for guiding the implementation of learning progressions in physical education