Development Of Dried Black Grass Jelly (Mesona Chinensis) Containing Different Tapioca And Sago Starch Ratio

Black grass jelly is a herbal dessert made from dried leaves extracts of Mesona chinensis plant. Commercial black grass jelly exhibits a short shelf life when stored at room temperature due to the usage of tapioca starch which results in a higher syneresis rate and unstable texture. Hence, the objective of this research is to develop dried black grass jelly with different tapioca and sago starch ratio for increasing the shelf life of the black grass jelly. The black grass jelly was formulated with different sago and tapioca starch ratio (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0), thereafter dried at different drying time (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 30 hr) and rehydrated at 90 ℃ for 15 min. The development of dried black grass jelly containing different tapioca and sago starch ratio was successful. The effects of different sago and tapioca starch ratio and drying time on the physical properties of black grass jelly were determined. Hence, analyses on the moisture content, colour, texture, syneresis, drying kinetics (moisture content against drying time) and rehydration capacity were conducted. The increase in sago starch ratio significantly decreased (p<0.05) the moisture content of fresh black grass jelly consisting of both starches. The values of all the colour parameters and textural parameters except springiness, of the fresh black grass jelly increased significantly (p<0.05) in comparison with control sample when the sago starch ratio was increased to more than 75%. Different sago and tapioca starch ratio did not significantly affect (p>0.05) the syneresis of black grass jelly after storage for 24 hr, however the syneresis of fresh black grass jelly significantly (p<0.05) increased with the increase in storage time. A non-linear relationship was observed on the drying curve of black grass jelly

Rate of Convergence in Nonlinear Hartree Dynamics with Factorized Initial Data

The mean field dynamics of an $N$-particle weekly interacting Boson system can be described by the nonlinear Hartree equation. In this paper, we present estimates on the 1/N rate of convergence of many-body Schr\"{o}dinger dynamics to the one-body nonlinear Hartree dynamics with factorized initial data with two-body interaction potential $V$ in $L^3 (\mathbb{R}^3)+ L^{\infty} (\mathbb{R}^3)$.Comment: AMS LaTex, 21 page

Performance of an adaptive successive serial-parallel CDMA cancellation scheme in flat Rayleigh fading channels

The performance of a successive concatenated cancellation scheme for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) uplink transmission in cellular mobile radio is presented. Both serial and parallel cancellation stages are employed. The serial cancellation stage is first used to obtain initial data estimates followed by the parallel cancellation stages to enhance the accuracy of the estimates. The performance of this scheme is evaluated via analysis and simulation. In our analysis, we develop a model to consider the impact of wrongly estimating the phase and amplitude of the channel impulse response on the successive concatenated cancellation scheme. Analysis and simulation results in flat Rayleigh fading asynchronous channels with both perfect and nonperfect channel estimation and with perfect ranking confirms the accuracy of our analytical model as well as the significant improvement in performance compared to the conventional single-user matched filter (MF) detection and the stand-alone parallel cancellation schemes. Analytical results also show that the concatenated scheme has the potential to reach the single-user performance bound for a wide range of user base size, up to K = 120 users, with a processing gain of 127 using one serial and three parallel cancellation stages. Finally, we propose a method whereby the receiver adapts with the number of users in order to retain the bit error ratio (BER) performance while decreasing the processing delay

Ecology, Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance Of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Isolated From Plant Sources And Their Role In Natural Fermentation Of Tempoyak

In recent years, bioprospecting of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from plant sources contributes to the diversity of LAB and the discovery of novel application of LAB in food industries. As LAB play an important role in food fermentation, there are concern of dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants harboured by the indigenous microbiota present in fresh fruits and fermented food through the food chain. The objectives of this study were to investigate the diversity and antibiotic resistance of LAB presence in fresh tropical fruits and flowers, as well as tempoyak produced by natural fermentation; to characterise the bacteriocin-like substances (BLIS) produced by these LAB isolates, and other technological properties

Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Properties of Metabolites Produced by Six Strains of Lactobacillus Plantarum on Human Cancer Cells

Whole cells, cytoplasmic fractions and fermented products of LAB have been tested for anticancer effect. However, limited information is available for the metabolites produced by Lactobacillus plantarum. In this study, the anticancer effect of metabolites produced by six strains of L. plantarum (UL4, TL1, RS5, RG14, RG11 and RI11) isolated from Malaysian fermented foods was evaluated. All metabolites exhibited in vitro cytotoxic effect on the tested cancer cells (breast, colorectal, cervical, liver and leukemia cancer cell lines). An increased cytotoxic effect was observed with increased dose of metabolites used and time of incubation. In particular, metabolites UL4 exerted the most potent cytotoxicity against human breast carcinoma cells MCF-7 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in MTT assay, with inhibition concentration of 50 % growth (IC50) value of 15, 12 and 10% (v/v) for 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation, respectively. In contrast, no cytotoxicity was detected in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, mouse splenocytes, thymocytes and bone marrow cells for all the six metabolites tested. However, limited cytotoxicity was detected in nonmalignant human glandular epithelium cells MCF-10A when treated with UL4 and RG14 metabolites. Additionally, UL4 metabolites did not cause haemolysis, indicating cytotoxic effect of metabolites of six strains of L. plantarum is selective for malignant cells but spared on normal cells. Antiproliferative effect was focused on MCF-7 and colon cancer cell line (HT-29). In BrdU cell proliferation assay, all tested metabolites inhibited DNA synthesis of MCF-7 and HT-29 cells. An increased antiproliferative effect was observed with increased dose of metabolites used and time of incubation. In particular, UL4 metabolites exhibited 100% proliferation inhibition on MCF-7, whereas RG14 metabolites exhibited 89% proliferation inhibition on HT-29 for 72 hours of incubation. Growth arrest study showed significant cell growth inhibition (P < 0.05) in MCF-7 treated with UL4 metabolites and HT-29 cells treated with RG14 metabolites. Mode of cell death induced by UL4 metabolites on MCF-7 cells was elucidated. Results obtained in trypan blue dye exclusion assay suggested that UL4 metabolites did not cause necrosis. Induction of apoptosis rather than necrosis by UL4 metabolites was evident by the presence of most characteristics of apoptosis such as cell shrinkage, blebbing of cell membrane and fragmentation of DNA and nucleus. Annexin V/PI staining showed that substantial early apoptotic cells were detected in MCF-7 cells treated with UL4 metabolites compared to untreated control group. Cells treated with UL4 metabolites showed growth arrest at G0/G1 cell phase at 24 hours, followed by the increment of cells in sub-G0/G1 in DNA cell cycle analysis. In addition, the TUNEL assay showed that remarkable TUNEL-positive cells were detected in UL4 metabolites-treated MCF-7 cells. The results obtained in this study indicate the potential use of LAB metabolites as a promising antiproliferative and apoptosis induction agent as an alternative in nutraceutical industry and cancer therapy

An exTS based Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm for prognostics and tool condition monitoring.

International audienceThe growing interest in predictive maintenance makes industrials and researchers turning themselves to artificial intelligence methods for fulfilling the tasks of condition monitoring and prognostics. Within this frame, the general purpose of this paper is to investigate the capabilities of an Evolving eXtended Takagi Sugeno (exTS) based neuro-fuzzy algorithm to predict the tool condition in high-speed machining conditions. The performance of evolving Neuro-Fuzzy model is compared with an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and a Multiple Regression Model (MRM) in term of accuracy and reliability through a case study of tool condition monitoring. The reliability of exTS also investigated

Waterborne pathogens detection technologies: advances, challenges, and future perspectives

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that pathogens like Escherichia coli, primarily linked to food and water contamination, are associated with 485,000 deaths from diarrheal diseases annually, translating to a staggering worldwide economic loss of nearly 12 billion USD per annum. International organizations like the WHO and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) have established related guidelines and criteria for pathogenic detection technologies and driving the search for innovative and efficient detection methods. This comprehensive review examines the trajectory of waterborne pathogenic bacteria detection technologies from traditional techniques, i.e., culture-based methods, to current detection methods including various forms of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques [qualitative real-time PCR, digital PCR, ELISA, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, next-generation sequencing (NGS)] and to emerging techniques, i.e., biosensors and artificial intelligence (AI). The scope of the review paper focuses on waterborne pathogenic bacteria that are recognized as human pathogens, posing tangible threats to public health through waterborne. The detection techniques’ merits, constraints, research gaps and future perspectives are critically discussed. Advancements in digital droplet PCR, NGS and biosensors have significantly improved sensitivity and specificity, revolutionizing pathogen detection. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with these technologies has enhanced detection accuracy, enabling real-time analysis of large datasets. Molecular-based methods and biosensors show promise for efficient water quality monitoring, especially in resource-constrained settings, but on-site practical implementation remains a challenge. The pairwise comparison metrics used in this review also offer valuable insights into quick evaluation on the advantages, limitations and research gaps of various techniques, focusing on their applicability in field settings and timely analyses. Future research efforts should focus on developing robust, cost-effective and user-friendly techniques for routine waterborne bacteria monitoring, ultimately safeguarding global water supplies and public health, with AI and data analysis playing a crucial role in advancing these methods for a safer environment

Cytotoxic effects of commercial wheatgrass and fiber towards human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60).

Cytotoxicity, the possible selective activity upon HL60 as well as the anti-proliferation effect of local health supplement wheatgrass and mixture of fibers were investigated in vitro using various cancerous cell line and normal blood cell culture. The IC(50) of wheatgrass-treated HL60 (17.5 ± 1.1, 12.5 ± 0.3, and 16 ± 0.5 microgram/ml for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively) and fibers-treated HL60 (86.0 ± 5.5, 35.0 ± 2.5, and 52.5 ± 4.5 microgram/ml for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively) showed that both extracts possessed optimum effect after 48 hours of treatment. No significant cytotoxic effect was observed on other type of cells. For trypan blue dye exclusion method, wheatgrass reduced the number of viable cells by 13.5% (±1.5), 47.1% (±3.6), and 64.9% (±2.7) after 24, 48 and 72 h exposure, respectively. Mixture of fibers reduced the number of viable cells by 36.4% (±2.3), 57.1% (±3.1), and 89.0% (±3.4) after 24, 48 and 72 h exposure, respectively, indicated that necrosis is also an alternative to the apoptotic mechanism of cell death. Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining revealed that both extracts induced apoptosis where early apoptosis had been detected concurrently with the reduction of percentage of cell viability. Cell cycle analysis revealed that in HL60, the percentage of apoptosis increased with time (wheatgrass: 16.0% ± 2.4, 45.3% ± 3.4 and 39.6% ± 4.1; mixture of fibers: 14.6% ± 1.8, 45.4% ± 2.3 and 45.9% ± 1.2) after exposure for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively at the concentration of 100 microgram/ml and showed optimum effect at 48 hours. Thus, these health products can be a potential alternative supplement for leukaemia patients

Rate of Convergence Towards Hartree Dynamics

We consider a system of N bosons interacting through a two-body potential with, possibly, Coulomb-type singularities. We show that the difference between the many-body Schr\"odinger evolution in the mean-field regime and the effective nonlinear Hartree dynamics is at most of the order 1/N, for any fixed time. The N-dependence of the bound is optimal.Comment: 26 page