Size-selective purification of hepatitis B virus-like particle in flow-through chromatography: types of ion exchange adsorbent and grafted polymer architecture

Hepatitis B virus-like particles expressed in Escherichia coli were purified using anion exchange adsorbents grafted with polymer poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) in flow-through chromatography mode. The virus-like particles were selectively excluded, while the relatively smaller sized host cell proteins were absorbed. The exclusion of virus-like particles was governed by the accessibility of binding sites (the size of adsorbents and the charge of grafted dextran chains) as well as the architecture (branch-chain length) of the grafted polymer. The branch-chain length of grafted polymer was altered by changing the type of monomers used. The larger adsorbent (90 μm) had an approximately twofold increase in the flow-through recovery, as compared to the smaller adsorbent (30 μm). Generally, polymer-grafted adsorbents improved the exclusion of the virus-like particles. Overall, the middle branch-chain length polymer grafted on larger adsorbent showed optimal performance at 92% flow-through recovery with a purification factor of 1.53. A comparative study between the adsorbent with dextran grafts and the polymer-grafted adsorbent showed that a better exclusion of virus-like particles was achieved with the absorbent grafted with inert polymer. The grafted polymer was also shown to reduce strong interaction between binding sites and virus-like particles, which preserved the particles' structure

Current Nordic research on the Malay world: A bibliographical sketch

As interest in Southeast Asia increases in tandem with the region’s economic development, and lately as a result of global tensions, Islam as cultural and political factor is now of such importance that the academic division of Southeast Asia into a northern and a southern part appears unavoidable. The latter is characterized by links to the Muslim world and beyond, while the former is not. Nordic research on the Malay World investigates a wide range of subjects, and the heterogeneity of the region has inspired theoretical models in many academic disciplines. Malay World studies are thus more than the mere construction of knowledge about Malay societ

Nations-in-renewal and the political production of ethnicity: with references to Malaysia

This paper argues that ethnicity results from prolonged political cohesive success. All ethnicities can point to a past whether mythological or historical or probably both, when they were politically and culturally influential. They may think of it as a period of unity, but most importantly, it was in fact their discursive genesis. Seen in its contemporary context, nation-building is thus a process within which an ethnic identity reform, if not a new ethnicity, takes place. Primordiality is not a tenable notion. Together with bodily features and discursive habits, landscapes provide a base for group identification. New monuments function therefore as new landscapes inhabited by an emerging ethnicity. Malaysia serves here as the main empirical referenc

The Reluctant politician: jun dr ismail and his time

This book divides into two parts. Part I : Merdeka or medicine that covers about the acting Prime Minister Dies, Life before politics, UMNO and the Road to Merdeka, Positioning Malaya in the world and the making and partitioning of Malaysia. Part II : Remarking Malaysia that covers about forced from retirement, a lack of time and nailing things into place.