Clinical and hygienic assessment of bone mineral density in population of ecologically contrasting territories.

Disorder of the relationship between biotic and abiotic elements against the background of anthropogenic stress on the human body affects the course of bone remodeling. It is bone tissue in the human body that has the greatest cumulative properties with respect to many xenobiotics, lead in particular. The accumulation of lead in the bone leads to the replacement of calcium ions by ions of the abiotic element and causes further changes in the bone structure: inhibition of growth processes, decreased density, the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis. In the article, a comparative hygienic analysis of bone mineral density levels (according to T-score) in industrial (n=68) and control (n=70) areas was conducted. The T-score, calculated at the LI-LIV level obtained by the method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used and was evaluated according to the recommendations of the WHO. The formation of a homogeneous sample of persons for the study was conducted according to the place of residence, age, sex, absence of diseases and regular intake of drugs leading to a decrease in bone mass. Summarizing the results, it should be noted that the population of Dniprо city has a more negative and significant decrease in the bone mineral density (according to the T-score) compared to the same values of the control areas – 2.15-4.6 times and Ukraine's – 1.39-4.21 times. According to WHO recommendations, T-score indices for residents of industrial territory indicate to the presence of osteopenia, while among residents of the control area, the norm for this indicator is noted. Consequently, there is an effect of man-made including lead, pollution of the environment on the level of bone mineral density in the industrial city this contributes to the development of osteoporotic changes in the population

Біопротекторна дія цинку в макро- і наноаквахелатній формі на ембріогенез щурів за умови свинцевої інтоксикації

The article presents results of studied influence of low doses of lead and zinc (nanozinc) on embryonal development in a la­boratory experiment on rats.  Negative influence of lead on pregnancy of laboratory animals, manifested in violation of the physiological dynamics of the rectal temperature and decrease in body weight gain was revealed. Embryotoxic ef­fect of low doses of lead results in increased fetal mortality by 2.16 times compared to the control group of animals, de­terioration of the morphometric indices of fetuses, violation of placentogenesis. Simultaneous injections of zinc on back­ground of lead intoxication causes a protective effect on the body of pregnant rats and embryonal development of the offspring, more pronounced for zinc citrate, received by using aquananotehnology, as compared to zinc chloride. Thus, by morphometry indices, male fetuses were more sensitive to prenatal lead exposure in comparison to female fetuses.В статье представлены результаты изучения воздействия низких доз свинца и цинка (наноцинка) на эмбриональное развитие в условиях лабораторного эксперимента на крысах. Установлено негативное вли­яние свинца на протекание беременности у лабораторных животных, что проявляется в нарушении физио­логической динамики ректальной температуры и снижении прироста массы тела. Эмбриотоксический эффект низких доз свинца проявляется в увеличении эмбриональной смертности в 2,16 раза по сравнению с кон­трольной группой животных, ухудшении морфометрических показателей плодов, нарушении плацен­тогенеза. Одновременное введение препаратов цинка при свинцовой интоксикации оказывает протекторное действие на организм беременных крыс и эмбриональное развитие потомства, более выраженное для цит­рата цинка, полученного с использованием аквананотехнологии по сравнению с хлоридом цинка. При этом по морфометрическим показателям плоды мужского пола оказались более чувствительны к пренатальному воз­действию свинца по сравнению с плодами женского пола. The article presents results of studied influence of low doses of lead and zinc (nanozinc) on embryonal development in a la­boratory experiment on rats.  Negative influence of lead on pregnancy of laboratory animals, manifested in violation of the physiological dynamics of the rectal temperature and decrease in body weight gain was revealed. Embryotoxic ef­fect of low doses of lead results in increased fetal mortality by 2.16 times compared to the control group of animals, de­terioration of the morphometric indices of fetuses, violation of placentogenesis. Simultaneous injections of zinc on back­ground of lead intoxication causes a protective effect on the body of pregnant rats and embryonal development of the offspring, more pronounced for zinc citrate, received by using aquananotehnology, as compared to zinc chloride. Thus, by morphometry indices, male fetuses were more sensitive to prenatal lead exposure in comparison to female fetuses

Scientific Justification of Risk Management System of Ecologically Caused Reproductive Pathology in Population.

The article presents the results of development of system of measures – a conceptual model of risk management of environmentally induced reproductive pathology in the population, which includes a complex of interdependent staged measures: ecological and hygienic monitoring, characteristics of environmental safety, study of social component of ecological safety, hygienic diagnosis of the impact of environmental factors on the social dimension of environmental safety, hygiene forecasting, implementation of preventive measures, assessment of their quality and efficiency. It was established that an important component of measures of medical and biological pre­vention is early diagnosis and prediction of violations of trace element status, childbearing potential, reproductive disor­ders in population using predictive models and calculated criteria values of markers of exposure, as well as hygienic determinants of reproductive health. It is proved that the use ofpectin preparations and organic forms of zinc for elimination of xenobiotics is a highly effective means, which normalizes trace element status and prevents pre-nosologic changes in the generative system of a person, reduces incidence of reproductive disorders

Translocation of Trace Elements in the System "Mother-placenta-fetus" in Rats with Physiological Pregnancy and Under Conditions of Lead Exposure.

Heavy metals are the second major environmental pollutants. Especially toxic is lead, increased content of which in the body of a pregnant determines the development of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period complications and is potentiated by deficiency of essential trace elements - zinc and copper. Article presents the results of impact of solutions of lead acetate and citrate in experimental models. Solutions of metals were injected into the stomach through a tube once a day during 19 days of pregnancy in the dose of 0,05 mg/kg in the form of inorganic compound - lead acetate and in organic form – lead citrate. The content of trace elements - lead, cadmium, copper and zinc were determined by stripping voltamperometry. In addition, indices of placental and fetal accumulation, as well as index of transplacental migration were calculated. Effect of lead during pregnancy in all biosubstrates is increased by 1,3-1,9 times as compared with the control group. This causes imbalance of essential trace elements due to significant reduction in zinc content in all the studied biological substrates. Prolonged contact with lead during pregnancy leads to disruption of placenta, inability of the placenta to fully protect the fetus from excessive intranatal influence of xenobiotics

Комбінована дія низькодозових рівнів свинцю та цинку на кісткову тканину щурів

Pollution of the environment remains a pressing problem of the global level. The greatest concern is caused by heavy metals, especially lead, which to the greatest extent - up to 90–95 % accumulates in bone tissue of the human body.Aim. The establishment of the bioeffect type of low-dose lead and zinc combined action on bone tissue density by the calcium content in it in the experiment.Materials and methods. For experimental studies Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. To determine the type of lead and zinc effect on the calcium level in femur bone tissue the content of the latter by the titration method was identified. To evaluate the relationship between low doses of zinc and lead, the combined action coefficient and change of combined action effect coefficient were determined.Results. The analysis of the results shows that the type of lead and zinc low concentrations combined action in their influence on bone tissue density by calcium content in it is characterized as an antagonistic, since the combined action coefficient value was 0.32–0.39. The effect of subacute combined action in binary systems "lead acetate – zinc chloride" and "lead acetate – zinc citrate" is weakened by 2.6 and 3.1 times, respectively.Conclusions. The type of lead and zinc low concentrations combined action provided that they affect the bone tissue density of rats by calcium content in it, which do not exceed the threshold of general toxicity, is characterized as antagonistic, since the combined action coefficient = 0.32–0.39. The effect of subacute combined action in binary systems, "lead acetate – zinc chloride" and "lead acetate – zinc citrate" is reduced by 2.6 and 3.1 times, respectively, compared with their isolated effects, indicating active inhibition of bone tissue lead accumulation by zinc compounds, which is especially characteristic of zinc citrate.Загрязнение окружающей среды по-прежнему остается актуальной проблемой глобального уровня. Наибольшее беспокойство вызывают тяжелые металлы, особенно свинец, который в наибольшей степени – до 90–95 %, накапливается в костной ткани организма человека.Цель работы – установление типа биоэффекта комбинированного действия низкодозовых уровней свинца и цинка на плотность костной ткани по содержанию в ней кальция в эксперименте.Материалы и методы. Для проведения экспериментальных исследований распределили крыс линии Wistar на 5 групп. Для определения типа воздействия свинца и цинка на уровень кальция в костной ткани бедренной кости определили количество последнего методом титрования. Для оценки отношений низких доз цинка со свинцом определены коэффициент комбинированного действия (Ккд) и коэффициент изменения эффекта комбинированного действия (Киэ).Результаты. Анализ полученных результатов показывает, что тип комбинированного действия свинца и цинка при их влиянии на плотность костной ткани по содержанию в ней кальция в низких концентрациях характеризуется как антагонистический, поскольку величина Ккд составляла 0,32–0,39. Эффект подострого комбинированного действия в бинарных системах «ацетат свинца – хлорид цинка» и «ацетат свинца – цитрат цинка» ослаблен в 2,6 и 3,1 раза соответственно.Выводы. Тип комбинированного действия свинца и цинка в низких концентрациях, при условии их влияния на плотность костной ткани крыс по содержанию в ней кальция, которые не превышают порог общетоксического действия, характеризуется как антагонистический, так как Ккд = 0,32–0,39. Эффект подострого комбинированного действия в бинарных системах «ацетат свинца – хлорид цинка» и «ацетат свинца – цитрат цинка» уменьшается в 2,6 и 3,1 раза соответственно по сравнению с изолированным их влиянием, что свидетельствует об активном торможении соединениями цинка накопления свинца костной тканью, что особенно характерно для цитрата цинка.Забруднення довкілля, як і раніше, залишається актуальною проблемою глобального рівня. Найбільше занепокоєння викликають важкі метали, особливо свинець, який найбільше – до 90–95 %, накопичується в кістковій тканині організму людини.Мета роботи – встановлення типу біоефекту комбінованої дії низькодозових рівнів свинцю та цинку на щільність кісткової тканини за вмістом у ній кальцію в експерименті.Матеріали та методи. Для експериментальних досліджень розподілили щурів лінії Wistar на 5 груп. Для визначення типу впливу свинцю та цинку на рівень кальцію в кістковій тканині стегнової кістки визначили кількість останнього методом титрування. Для оцінювання відносин низьких доз цинку зі свинцем визначили коефіцієнт комбінованої дії (Ккд) і коефіцієнт зміни ефекту комбінованої дії (Кзе).Результати. Аналіз результатів свідчить, що тип комбінованої дії свинцю та цинку за умови їхнього впливу на щільність кісткової тканини за вмістом у ній кальцію в низьких концентраціях характеризується як антагоністичний, оскільки величина Ккд становила 0,32–0,39. Ефект підгострої комбінованої дії в бінарних системах «ацетат свинцю – хлорид цинку» та «ацетат свинцю – цитрат цинку» ослаблений у 2,6 і 3,1 раза відповідно.Висновки. Тип комбінованої дії свинцю та цинку в низьких концентраціях, за умови їхнього впливу на щільність кісткової тканини щурів за вмістом у ній кальцію, котрі не перевищують поріг загальнотоксичної дії, характеризується як антагоністичний, оскільки Ккд = 0,32–0,39. Ефект підгострої комбінованої дії в бінарних системах «ацетат свинцю – хлорид цинку» та «ацетат свинцю – цитрат цинку» зменшується у 2,6 і 3,1 раза відповідно, порівняно з ізольованим їх впливом, що свідчить про активне гальмування сполуками цинку накопичення свинцю кістковою тканиною та є особливо характерним для цитрату цинку

Combined effect of low dose levels of lead and zinc on bone tissue of rats

Pollution of the environment remains a pressing problem of the global level. The greatest concern is caused by heavy metals, especially lead, which to the greatest extent - up to 90–95 % accumulates in bone tissue of the human body. Aim. The establishment of the bioeffect type of low-dose lead and zinc combined action on bone tissue density by the calcium content in it in the experiment. Materials and methods. For experimental studies Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. To determine the type of lead and zinc effect on the calcium level in femur bone tissue the content of the latter by the titration method was identified. To evaluate the relationship between low doses of zinc and lead, the combined action coefficient and change of combined action effect coefficient were determined. Results. The analysis of the results shows that the type of lead and zinc low concentrations combined action in their influence on bone tissue density by calcium content in it is characterized as an antagonistic, since the combined action coefficient value was 0.32–0.39. The effect of subacute combined action in binary systems "lead acetate – zinc chloride" and "lead acetate – zinc citrate" is weakened by 2.6 and 3.1 times, respectively. Conclusions. The type of lead and zinc low concentrations combined action provided that they affect the bone tissue density of rats by calcium content in it, which do not exceed the threshold of general toxicity, is characterized as antagonistic, since the combined action coefficient = 0.32–0.39. The effect of subacute combined action in binary systems, "lead acetate – zinc chloride" and "lead acetate – zinc citrate" is reduced by 2.6 and 3.1 times, respectively, compared with their isolated effects, indicating active inhibition of bone tissue lead accumulation by zinc compounds, which is especially characteristic of zinc citrate

LEP Ceremony

The article is devoted to modern aspects of technogenic pollution of atmospheric air of industrial city in connection with the activity of the largest metallurgical enterprise in Ukraine - Dneprovsky metallurgical combine. The peculiarity of this scientific research is the use of a comprehensive and systemic ecological and hygienic approach: by-ingredient and summary hygienic assessment of technogenic pollution of the atmospheric air layer in the city, its spatial and temporal characteristics in the dynamics of a 30-years’ period with an emphasis on the last five years, considering quantitative relationship with the volumes of gross industrial atmospheric emissions and their distribution on the territory of the city was performed, as well as mathematical calculations and hygienic assessment of risk to the health of the city population were made

Comparative Evaluation of Bioprotective Action of Zinc in Organic and Inorganic Form on Osteotropism of Lead in Experimental Conditions.

Chemical aggression of technogenic pollution of the environment, according to experts, is the leading risk factor for population health. A systematic entry of contaminants in the related life-supporting environments – air, water, plant and animal food products by direct and indirect migration chains creates both integrated and combined effect on the body. It should be noted that a chemical factor, on the one hand, is the least studied in this respect, on the other hand it represents the most significant and rapidly growing environmental threat to human health. In the human body bone tissue has the highest cumulative properties against many xenobiotics, in particular to heavy metals, among which lead is the leader in relationship to the bone tissue. In this regard, the goal is to study peculiarities of different forms of zinc on calcium content in bone tissue in lead intoxication. As a result of researches it is established that low dosed effect of lead during subacute experience causes a significant decrease of calcium content in the bone tissue by 28% in comparison with those of control group of animals, this reduces its density and becomes a risk factor for the development of osteopenic and osteoporotic state of the organism. Combined effect of lead and organic and inorganic forms of zinc zeliably increases calcium content by 16.43% and 22,04% respectively, as compared with lead group, suggesting protective properties of zinc in lead intoxication due to the effect of bioantagonism. In the isolated introduction of organic and inorganic forms of zinc, calcium content in the bone tissue increases by 1.4 and 2.04 times respectively, as compared with the control group. The obtained results confirm osteoprotective action of zinc, particularly of organic forms in lead intoxication and give reason to believe that in the system "lead – zinc" effect of biological antagonism is formed

Reproductive Health of Men of Industrial Areas: Risk Factors, Donosological Diagnostics, Prevention.

Deterioration of the environment in the XX-XXI century under the influence of chemical, physical, radiological and other factors is not only and not just an ecological catastrophe of modern times, but a direct threat to the health and life of human society as a whole. Among the most important factors influencing people's health occupy chemical the leading place, because since 1957 more than 50 million chemical substances were synthesized, but only 15% of them have a toxicological evaluation, and 30% of the diseases in Europe are associated with chemical factor (ECHA-EXA). Chemical "pressing" determines a significant reduction in the reproduction of the population of Europe, and for Ukraine itmeans a large-scale depopulation, among possible reasons of which a significant role belongs to the deterioration of the reproductive capacity of population, men in particular, and this work is devoted to this problem. On the basis of profound analysis of literature data, complex ecologic-hygienic researches we identified markers of exposure, prognosticaly significant markers of impact for the early diagnostics of disorders of male generative system in conditions of low-dose impact of xenobiotics. We achieved convincing evidence of ecologically determined character of unogenital diseases and fertility decrease, we developed scientifically-justified principles of management of risk of development of ecologically-determined reproductive pathology in men