514 research outputs found
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When, where, and why should we look for vestibular dysfunction in people with diabetes mellitus?
The biochemistry of diabetes mellitus results in multi-system tissue compromise that reduces functional mobility and interferes with disease management. Sensory system compromise, such as peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy, are specific examples of tissue compromise detrimental to functional mobility. There is lack of clarity regarding if, when, and where parallel changes in the peripheral vestibular system, an additional essential sensory system for functional mobility, occur as a result of diabetes. Given the systemic nature of diabetes and the plasticity of the vestibular system, there is even less clarity regarding if potential vestibular system changes impact functional mobility in a meaningful fashion. This commentary will provide insight as to when we should employ diagnostic vestibular function tests in people with diabetes, where in the periphery we should look, and why testing may or may not matter. The commentary concludes with recommendations for future research and clinical care
Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research
Guidelines for use of wild mammal species are updated from the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) 2007 publication. These revised guidelines cover current professional techniques and regulations involving mammals used in research and teaching. They incorporate additional resources, summaries of procedures, and reporting requirements not contained in earlier publications. Included are details on marking, housing, trapping, and collecting mammals. It is recommended that institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs), regulatory agencies, and investigators use these guidelines as a resource for protocols involving wild mammals. These guidelines were prepared and approved by the ASM, working with experienced professional veterinarians and IACUCs, whose collective expertise provides a broad and comprehensive understanding of the biology of nondomesticated mammals in their natural environments. The most current version of these guidelines and any subsequent modifications are available at the ASM Animal Care and Use Committee page of the ASM Web site (http://mammalsociety.org/committees/index.asp).American Society of Mammalogist
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A network analysis to identify mediators of germline-driven differences in breast cancer prognosis.
Identifying the underlying genetic drivers of the heritability of breast cancer prognosis remains elusive. We adapt a network-based approach to handle underpowered complex datasets to provide new insights into the potential function of germline variants in breast cancer prognosis. This network-based analysis studies ~7.3 million variants in 84,457 breast cancer patients in relation to breast cancer survival and confirms the results on 12,381 independent patients. Aggregating the prognostic effects of genetic variants across multiple genes, we identify four gene modules associated with survival in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and one in ER-positive disease. The modules show biological enrichment for cancer-related processes such as G-alpha signaling, circadian clock, angiogenesis, and Rho-GTPases in apoptosis
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Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation.
GWAS have identified a breast cancer susceptibility locus on 2q35. Here we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 101,943 subjects from 50 case-control studies. We genotype 276 SNPs using the 'iCOGS' genotyping array and impute genotypes for a further 1,284 using 1000 Genomes Project data. All but two, strongly correlated SNPs (rs4442975 G/T and rs6721996 G/A) are excluded as candidate causal variants at odds against >100:1. The best functional candidate, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease with an odds ratio (OR) in Europeans of 0.85 (95% confidence interval=0.84-0.87; P=1.7 Ă— 10(-43)) per t-allele. This SNP flanks a transcriptional enhancer that physically interacts with the promoter of IGFBP5 (encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) and displays allele-specific gene expression, FOXA1 binding and chromatin looping. Evidence suggests that the g-allele confers increased breast cancer susceptibility through relative downregulation of IGFBP5, a gene with known roles in breast cell biology
PenQuest Volume 2, Number 1
Table of Contents for this Volume:
Untitled by Janet Collins
Untitled by Judy Gozdur
Last Hour of Light by Susan Reed
Untitled by Judy Godzur
Untitled by Rick Wagner
Untitled by Carol Groover
Untitled by R. Wagner
Only in the Portico by Linda Banicki
Untitled by Helen Hagadorn
Private Place, Pubic Place by David Reed
Untitled by Tammy Hutchinson
Untitled by Tammy Hutchinson
Madison Knights by Susan Reed
Untitled by Sissy Crabtree
The Price by Sandra Coleman
Untitled by Ann Harrington
Invasion of Privacy by Mark Touchton
Untitled by Bruce Warner
Untitled by Tom Schifanella
Untitled by Tammy Hutchinson
Bloodwork by Laura Jo Last
Untitled by David Whitsett
Burial Instructions by Bill Slaughter
Untitled by S. Trevett
PenQuest Interview: Joe Haldeman by David Reed
Her Name Came from the Sea by Richard L. Ewart
Untitled by V. Williams
In the Woodshed by R. E. Mallery
Untitled by Modesta Matthews
Untitled by David Olson
Illumination by E. Allen Tilley
Untitled by Joseph Avanzini
Everywoman by Laura Jo Last
Untitled by Beth Goeckel
Believe Me by Donna Kaluzniak
Untitled by Judy Gozdur
Untitled by Judy Gozdur
Unicorn by David Reed
Untitled by Susan Reed
untitled by Paul Cramer
Unititled by Lucinda Halsema
The Violin by Richard L. Ewart
Untitled by Maria Barry
Untitled by Roger Whitt Jr.
Haiku by Lori Nasrallah
Rhymer’s Revolt by R. E. Mallery
Untitled by Valerie William
Antiretroviral penetration into the CNS and incidence of AIDS-defining neurologic conditions
Objective: The link between CNS penetration of antiretrovirals and AIDS-defining neurologic disorders remains largely unknown. Methods: HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naive individuals in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration who started an antiretroviral regimen were classified according to the CNS Penetration Effectiveness (CPE) score of their initial regimen into low (,8), medium (8-9), or high (.9) CPE score. We estimated "intention-to-treat" hazard ratios of 4 neuroAIDS conditions for baseline regimens with high and medium CPE scores compared with regimens with a low score. We used inverse probability weighting to adjust for potential bias due to infrequent follow-up. Results: A total of 61,938 individuals were followed for a median (interquartile range) of 37 (18, 70) months. During follow-up, there were 235 cases of HIV dementia, 169 cases of toxoplasmosis, 128 cases of cryptococcal meningitis, and 141 cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for initiating a combined antiretroviral therapy regimen with a high vs low CPE score was 1.74 (1.15, 2.65) for HIV dementia, 0.90 (0.50, 1.62) for toxoplasmosis, 1.13 (0.61, 2.11) for cryptococcal meningitis, and 1.32 (0.71, 2.47) for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The respective hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for a medium vs low CPE score were 1.01 (0.73, 1.39), 0.80 (0.56, 1.15), 1.08 (0.73, 1.62), and 1.08 (0.73, 1.58). Conclusions: We estimated that initiation of a combined antiretroviral therapy regimen with a high CPE score increases the risk of HIV dementia, but not of other neuroAIDS conditions
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