DIVERSIDADE DE INVERTEBRADOS EM DIFERENTES USOS DO SOLO NA FLORESTA DA AMAZÔNIA

The objective was to evaluate the effects of different land use systems on soil quality. The study was carried out at the Confiança Experimental Field - Embrapa - RR. Eight land uses were evaluated in 50 x 50 m plots; forest, capoeira (a kind of secondary forest), managed capoeira, agroforestry without using inputs, agroforestry using inputs, altered pasture, managed pasture and a peach palm/heart palm production system. Mesofauna was obtained using a Berlese-Tullgren funnel, samples were collected with a 5 x 5 cm probe, introduced into the soil at a depth of 5 cm. The samples were sorted using the group experts key. The following were evaluated: biological characterization of the mesofauna and frequency and diversity of the Collembola group. The environments showed high diversification of mesofauna orders, with the highest frequencies in environments with greater ground cover. The use of peach palm/heart palm soil stood out, with high diversity of order and individuals, equivalent to environments with greater soil cover. Invertebrates soil diversity can be better studied and is a good indicator of soil quality.O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes sistemas do uso da terra na qualidade do solo. O estudo foi realizado no Campo Experimental Confiança - Embrapa - RR. Foram avaliados oito usos da terra em parcelas de 50 x 50 m; floresta, capoeira, capoeira manejada, agrofloresta sem insumos, agrofloresta com insumos, pastagem alterada, pastagem manejada e um sistema de produção de pupunha/palmito. Em cada uso do solo projetou-se sobre um transecto na diagonal do terreno, para obtenção de cinco pontos amostrais, onde foram realizadas coletas de solo/serapilheira. A mesofauna foi obtida utilizando funil de Berlese-Tullgren, as amostras foram coletadas com sonda de 5 x 5 cm, introduzida no solo a 5 cm de profundidade. As amostras foram triadas adontando-se a chave de especialistas do grupo. Foram avaliadas: caracterização biológica da mesofauna e frequência e diversidade do grupo Collembola. Os ambientes apresentaram elevada diversificação de ordens de mesofauna, com as maiores frequências em ambientes com maior cobertura do solo. Houve destaque no uso do solo pupunheira/palmito, com alta diversidade de ordem e indivíduos, equivalentes aos ambientes de maior cobertura do solo. A diversidade de invertebrados do solo pode ser mais bem estudada e apresenta-se como bom indicador de qualidade do solo. Palavras-chave: ação antrópica; manejo do solo; biodiversidade.   Land use on the diversity of soil invertebrates in the forest region of the amazon   ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the effects of different land use systems on soil quality. The study was carried out at the Confiança Experimental Field - Embrapa - RR. Eight land uses were evaluated in 50 x 50 m plots; forest, capoeira (a kind of secondary forest), managed capoeira, agroforestry without using inputs, agroforestry using inputs, altered pasture, managed pasture and a peach palm/heart palm production system. Mesofauna was obtained using a Berlese-Tullgren funnel, samples were collected with a 5 x 5 cm probe, introduced into the soil at a depth of 5 cm. The samples were sorted using the group experts key. The following were evaluated: biological characterization of the mesofauna and frequency and diversity of the Collembola group. The environments showed high diversification of mesofauna orders, with the highest frequencies in environments with greater ground cover. The use of peach palm/heart palm soil stood out, with high diversity of order and individuals, equivalent to environments with greater soil cover. Invertebrates soil diversity can be better studied and is a good indicator of soil quality. Keywords: human action; soil management; diversity

The effect of fire on soil mesofauna: recolonization of burnt areas

Este trabalho foi efetuado em uma parcela de 4 ha, cuja cobertura vegetal foi derrubada e queimada para plantação de pastagem. A queimada não foi homogênea, dando origem a um mosaico de manchas bem queimadas e não queimadas. A fauna de invertebrados do solo foi comparada nestes dois tipos de manchas, coletando-se 15 unidades de amostras em cada um, transcorridos 1, 15, 30, 40, 60, 125, 145, 200, 270, 320 e 370 dias após a queima. A amostragem foi feita com sonda metálica de 25 cm2, e a extração da fauna, com funis de Berlese-Tullgren. Os resultados mostraram que a densidade populacional da fauna foi drasticamente afetada pelo fogo. Na área queimada, o número total de Oribatida (46.464 ind/m2) foi menor que o número total das outras subordens de Acari (132.532 ind/m2); a densidade de Collembola (7.361 ind/m2) foi inferior ao número total dos outros insetos (22.460 ind/m2). Um quadro inverso observou-se na área não queimada (Oribatida = 79.045 ind/m2; outros Acari = 34.025 ind/m2 - Collembola = 17.276 ind/m2; outros insetos = 11. 098 ind/m2).This work was conduced in a 4 ha plot, whose forest cover was felled and bumed to form a pasture. The burning was not homogeneous, giving rise to a patchwork of well burnt and unburnt areas. The soil fauna of these two types of areas was compared collecting 15 sampling units in each 1, 15, 30, 40, 60, 125, 145, 200, 270, 320 and 370 days after the burning. A metallic soil gauge with 25 cm2 was used to sample, and Berlese-Tullgren funnels to extract the soil fauna. The results indicate that the population density of the fauna was drastically affected by the fire. In the burnit area the number of Oribatida (46.464 ind/m2) was less than the total number if other sub-orders of Acari (132.532 ind/m2); the density of Collembola (7.361 jnd/m2) was inferior to the total number of other insects (22.460 ind/m2). An inverse situation was observed in the non-burnt area (Oribatida = 79.045 ind/m2; other Acari = 34.025 ind/m2 -Collembola = 17.2.76 ind/m2; other insects = 11.098 ind/m2)