Radio Political Advertising in Nigeria: Influence on Electorates Acceptance of Political Parties Candidates

This study explores the influence of radio advertising on the electorates’ choice of political parties’ candidates in selected states of South East Nigeria. All registered voters in the states formed the study population. The sample size of 400 respondents was obtained from a population of 3,232,251registered voters. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Tables and percentages were used in the presentation and analysis of data. Findings from the study showed that; radio campaign advertising significantly influences the electorates exposure of political parties candidates in the selected states in South Eastern Nigeria, that exposure to radio campaign advertising influences the electorates’ opinion of political parties’ candidates and that the radio campaign advertising significantly serves as a mobilization tool on the electorates about political parties’ candidates. The study concluded that advertising plays significance role on electorates acceptance of political parties candidates and recommended that political parties should continue with the use of improved radio campaign advertising to seek and gain acceptance by the electorates. Keywords: Radio political advertising, effects, electorates acceptance, political candidates, mobilization, choice. DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/81-05 Publication date:August 31st 202

Anaesthetic challenges in emergency peripartum hysterectomy in West Africa: a Nigerian perspective

Background: To determine the foeto-maternal outcome and the anaesthetic challenges in emergency peripartum hysterectomy at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria. Method: A retrospective study was carried out on parturients that had had emergency peripartum hysterectomy at UNTH in Nigeria, from July 1998 to June 2006. Data collected included demographics, anaesthetic and obstetric records, foeto-maternal outcomes and the need for critical care management. Results: There were a total of 6 798 deliveries and 6 485 live births, with 16 emergency peripartum hysterectomies. The incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy was 0.23% of all deliveries (2.3/1 000 deliveries). The causes of emergency hysterectomies were ruptured uterus (11 patients or 69%), placenta accreta/morbidly adherent placenta (4 patients or 25%) and uncontrollable postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal delivery (1 patient or 6%). Eight patients had subtotal hysterectomy, while eight had total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). All the patients received general anaesthesia and blood transfusion. There were two postoperative admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) and two procedure-related deaths due to hypovolaemic shock. There were nine stillbirths but no documented neonatal deaths. Conclusion: Emergency peripartum hysterectomies challenge the anaesthetist and the obstetrician who have to maintain haemodynamic stability in patients who may have lost volumes of blood, in a setting where blood and colloid availability is often limited. The maternal mortality was higher than that of most of the studies reviewed.Keywords: anaesthesia; peripartum hysterectomy; West Africa; Nigeri

Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Practices: An Empirical study of Nigerian Listed Firms

This paper investigated determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure practices of listed firms in Nigeria. Data covering the period of 2010-2017 was collected from the annual report and account of Sixteen (16) listed firms on Nigerian stock exchange market. Ordinary least Square Panel regression estimator was employed owing to the cross sectional and time series nature of the data. The result showed that board independence, financial leverage and age were positively related to corporate social responsibility disclosure while profitability was found to exhibit a negative relationship with corporate social responsibility disclosure. It was however revealed that approximately 40% of the variations in the dependent variable of CSR disclosure was explained by the explanatory variables and jointly tested all the variables had a significant effect on the dependent variable as revealed by the F-statistic of 14.44 significant at 5%. This study extends the scope of previous studies by including corporate governance   variables of: board independence and board size which are issues of current contention. The paper contributes to the understanding of determinants of CSR disclosure practices and offers findings which are useful for both theory and practice

The Contribution of Nigeria Health Sector Recurrent Spending on Its Output (1961-2012)

Health sector in any country has been recognized as the primary engine of growth and development. This study makes a modest contribution to the debates by empirically analyzing the contribution of Nigeria Health sector recurrent spending on its output using time series data from 1961 to 2012, obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria. It employs the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique and Pair wise Granger Causality tests. The estimation reviews that Political Stability (PSB) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria have positive effect on Total health output (HGDP) while Total Government Recurrent Expenditure on Health (TGREH) has a negative effect on Total health output (HGDP). On the contrary, rising Government recurrent expenditure on health does not results to an increase in Total health output. Based on the result of granger causality, the paper concludes that a very weak causality exist between the two main variables used in this study. The authors therefore advised that there should be a reduction in government recurrent expenditure in the health sector. Also there should be a high degree of transparency and accountability in government spending

Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Practices: An Empirical study of Nigerian Listed Firms

This paper investigated determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure practices of listed firms in Nigeria. Data covering the period of 2010-2017 was collected from the annual report and account of Sixteen (16) listed firms on Nigerian stock exchange market. Ordinary least Square Panel regression estimator was employed owing to the cross sectional and time series nature of the data. The result showed that board independence, financial leverage and age were positively related to corporate social responsibility disclosure while profitability was found to exhibit a negative relationship with corporate social responsibility disclosure. It was however revealed that approximately 40% of the variations in the dependent variable of CSR disclosure was explained by the explanatory variables and jointly tested all the variables had a significant effect on the dependent variable as revealed by the F-statistic of 14.44 significant at 5%. This study extends the scope of previous studies by including corporate governance   variables of: board independence and board size which are issues of current contention. The paper contributes to the understanding of determinants of CSR disclosure practices and offers findings which are useful for both theory and practice

Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change among Artisanal Fishermen in Fishing Communities along Anambra River Nigeria

Climate change is threatening the attainment of self-sufficiency in fish production in Nigeria. As a result, artisanal fishermen are developing adaptation practices that will reduce their vulnerability to climate change. The study therefore investigated perceptions and adaptation behavior of climate change among Artisanal Fishermen in Fishing Communities along Anambra River in South East Nigeria. The study adopted multistage sampling technique to select 240 Artisanal Fishermen. The results showed that the mean age of Artisanal Fishermen was 50 years and household size of 4 persons, with 52.5% married. On average, the Artisanal Fishermen have spent about 15 years. Majority (85%) of the respondents have formal education.  Also, majority of the Artisanal Fishermen had access to credit for male (67.5%). Furthermore the result revealed that Artisanal Fishermen ()  were aware of the occurrence of climate change and the most widely used adaptation practice of the Artisanal Fishermen were changing of Diversification of livelihoods (), Information dissemination (), Improved housing (), Financial Support () and Community representative in disaster management (). Ordinary least Square regression result factors influencing adaptation behavior of climate change among artisanal fishermen in fishing communities along Anambra river Nigeria with an R2  value of 88.3% shows that marital status (5%), member of cooperative society (10%) and extension services (1%) were positively related to number of mitigation strategies used by artisanal fishermen in fishing communities, while household size (1%) was significant and negative. The study therefore, recommends that extension workers should be continuously trained and educated on current information about climate change to enable them enlighten and disseminate to fish farmers. This will enable update and synchronization of ideas with the Artisanal Fishermen

Capital Ratios As Predictors of Distress: A Case Study of the Nigerian Banking System

We examine the relationship between capital ratios and bank distress and also compare the efficiency of three capital ratios risk-weighted leverage and gross revenue ratios in the prediction of bank distress The above objective is based on the recent global failure of banks which is a pointer to the fact that the Early Warning Systems EWS Models with the aim of identifying weaknesses and vulnerabilities among financial institutions have either failed or have been wrongly applied In addition some studies show that the risk-weighted capital ratio used in bank distress prediction may become obsolete and ineffective within a short time and that it may give rise to economic problems Some other studies also show that capital ratios may in fact not be related to bank distress and should not be used to monitor it Data on bank distress in Nigeria from 1991 to 2004 are used and the OLS regression autoregression and the Granger causality test are used to analyse the data The study show that the three capital ratios predicted bank distress significantly and that there is no significant difference in the level of efficiency of the three capital ratios in distress prediction The continued use of capital ratios in the prediction of bank distress is suggested The leverage capital ratio and the gross revenue capital ratio may be used to replace the risk-weighted capital ratio since they are simpler and may not be influenced by the ever changing risk pattern of the bank

Case report of bullous pemphigoid in a 65 year old woman

The unique thing about this case is that it is the first reported case of bullous pemphigoid in the elderly that has been clinically diagnosed with histologic findings highly suggestive of this blistering disorder although an immunofluorescence could not be done due to unavailability in the centre. Patient was managed successfully and discharged home with improvement on subsequent hospital visits. This case report shows how diagnosis of an immunobullous disease was made and managed in a resource poor setting. A descriptive summary of 65-year old black Nigerian woman with bullous pemphigoid covering history, physical examination and management. The main diagnosis was bullous pemphigoid in a recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic. Patient was placed on corticosteroids as well as immunosuppressive agents and diabetes was managed with subcutaneous insulin and oral hypoglycemics with appropriate wound care. Patient showed remarkable improvement after management and was discharged home with subsequent follow up in the clinics. Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) can be diagnosed clinically with a high index of suspicion with the aid of skin biopsy and histology, and can be managed successfully even in a resource poor centre where immunofluorescence facilities are lacking

The prescribing of generic medicines in Nigeria : knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of physicians

Generic medicines have the same efficacy and safety as originators at lower prices. However, there are concerns with their utilization in Nigeria. Evaluate physicians’ understanding and perception of generics. Questionnaire among physicians working in tertiary healthcare facilities in four geo-political regions of Nigeria. Response was 74.3% (191/257) among mainly males (85.9%). The mean knowledge score regarding generics was 5.3 (maximum of 9) with 36.6%, 36.1% and 27.2% having poor, average and good knowledge respectively. Cross-tabulation showed statistical significance (P = 0.047) with the duration of practice but not with position, subspecialty or sex. The majority did not agree that generic medicines are of lower quality than branded medicines. Therapeutic failure was a major concern in 82.7%, potentially discouraging prescribing of generics. Majority (63.9%) did not support generic substitution by pharmacists. Knowledge gaps were identified especially with the perception of generics. These need to be addressed