Desarrollo de nuevas variedades de uva (Vitis vinifera L.) sin semilla mediante rescate de embriones

One of the main objectives of a grape breeding program is the development of seedless varieties. However, to achieve this it is necessary to combine the embryo rescue technique with classical genetics. The aim ofthis work was to develop hybrids from crosses with the following varieties of seedless grape: Perlette, Black Seedless, Crimson Seedless, Crispy, Flame, Superior, Princesa, Red Globe, Fiesta, Fresno and Thompson, used as father and mother. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field Costa ofHermosillo from the National Institute ofForestry, Agriculture and Livestock in 2009. 23 hybridizations were performed by pollinating flowers manually twice a day for three consecutive days. The berries were harvested at the beginning of veraison and taken to the laboratory where the surface was sterilized before isolating the seminal rudiment. The seminal rudiments were transferred to a culture medium where they were kept between 75 to 90 days; the rescued embryos from the seminal rudiments were transferred to an incubation medium for embryos. 3 163 berries were harvested from which 3 836 seminal rudiments were isolated. In 8.76% of rudiments, was possible to rescue embryos. From the rescued embryos, 32.14% developed seedlings, from which two were able to be transferred to a greenhouse. It is concluded that the use of classical genetics along with embryo rescue technique allows obtaining progeny ofhybrids with different varieties of seedless grapes.Uno de los objetivos principales de un programa de mejoramiento genético de uva es el desarrollo de variedades sin semilla. Sin embargo, para lograr esto se requiere combinar la técnica de rescate de embriones con la genética tradicional. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar híbridos de cruzas con las siguientes variedades de uva sin semilla: Perlette, Black Seedless, Crimson Seedless, Crispy, Flame, Superior, Princesa, Red Globe, Fiesta, Fresno y Thompson, utilizadas como padre y como madre. El experimento se realizó en el campo agrícola experimental Costa de Hermosillo del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias en el año 2009. Se realizaron 23 hibridaciones mediante la polinización de las flores manualmente dos veces al día durante tres días consecutivos. Las bayas fueron cosechadas al inicio del envero y trasladadas al laboratorio donde se esterilizaron superficialmente antes del aislamiento de los rudimentos seminales. Los rudimentos fueron transferidos a un medio de cultivo donde permanecieron entre 75 y 90 días y los embriones rescatados de los rudimentos transferidos a medio para incubación de embriones. Se cosecharon en total 3 163 bayas de las cuales se aislaron 3836 rudimentos seminales. En 8.76% de los rudimentos, fue posible rescatar embriones. De los embriones rescatados, 32.14% desarrollaron plántulas de las cuales fue posible transferir dos al invernadero. Se concluye que la utilización de la genética tradicional con apoyo del protocolo de rescate de embriones del presente trabajo permite la obtención de progenie de hibridaciones con diferentes variedades de uva sin semilla

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective