Perception of Household on Greening methods to Ameliorate Climate change in South-West of Oyo State

The project investigated the perception of household on greening methods to ameliorate climate change in south- west of Oyo state. The study was carried out in Oluyole local Government of Oyo state, Nigeria. Where two areas were randomly selected (Oluyole estate and Oluyole Extension). A total number of 91 structured questionnaires were retrieved out of 130 administered. Data collected were analyzed. Descriptive was used to analyzed socio economic characteristics, sources of information on greening, perception of respondent on greening, different greening method by the respondent and constraints, cross tabulation was used to explain association between socio characteristics and greening method and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to analyzed constraints and greening method by the respondents, relationship between the perception and greening method by the respondents. The result of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were male (65.9%),and between the ages of 31-40 (34.2%), majority also had tertiary education(58.2%) this showed that people within the study area were informed on the value of education, it was also revealed that majority of the respondent agreed that the human activities have led to climate change 3.51 mean value, Developing countries should take most of the blame for climate change (3.07) mean value and that laws governing the forestry management in Nigeria should be revisited with 2.03mean value. Respondents agreed that planting of trees, planting of tree crops, planting of flowers, planting of shrubs like Morida lucida, Moringa oleifera, Glyricidia sepium, management and development are the best method to ameliorate climate change, it was observed that deforestation, urbanization, industrialization, Lack of good policy by Federal Government are the major constraints. The use solar energy is the least that people use because majority are using generator which add carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. This study recommended that human activities should be controlled in order to modify our environment, planting of trees, planting of tree crops like mango, cashew, orange, coconut will serve as fruit for family as well as improvement on climate change, planting of flowers for beautification and planting of shrubs are the best method to ameliorate climate change. Laws should be enacted to avoid climate change based on deforestation and good policies should be put to practice by Federal Government base on industrialization in urban areas

Perceived Benefits of Improved Practices in Pre Harvest Tomato Production among Farmers in Afijio Local Government Area, Oyo State

This study was designed to investigate the perceived benefits of improved practices in pre-harvest tomato production among farmers in Afijio Local Government Area of Oyo State. Multistage sampling techniques were used to select respondents in the study area, with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential (PPMC) statistics were used to analyze the data. Majority of the respondents (88.5%) perceived that it has lots of benefits. Also, 82.7% perceived that improved practices minimize post-harvest losses on a medium scale.  Furthermore, 85.6% perceived that improved practices minimize disease infestation on a medium scale, while 84.6% perceive it protects tomato from decaying. Also, 76.9% of the respondents perceive that improve practices helps to retain nutritional content of tomato on a medium scale.  Also, the category of the respondents that had high awareness considered the improved practices to be highly beneficial to them.  The study further concluded that the benefits derived by minority of the respondents influenced most of the respondents to have favorable perception to derivable benefits embedded in improved practices of tomato in the study area.  In addition, the result also revealed significant relationship between awareness and perceived benefits of improved practices in pre-harvest tomato production (r=0.280, p=0.004).  The study therefore recommended that the extension agents should properly train the farmers on the benefits and use of these improved practices. Adequate information should be made available to the tomato farmers on the most recent developments in tomato farming and production (pre harvest and post-harvest). The government should be able to provide adequate and glitch free loan to the farmers to enable them utilize the information and training

Genetic Variations, Heritability and Genetic Advance Studies among Okra Accessions grown in different Agro-ecological Zones in Nigeria

Some level of variation within crop varieties is highly important for its improvement with the aids of good plant breeding methods. A field research experiment was carried out with the aim to estimate genetic variation and heritability in the okra accessions grown in different agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Twenty okra accessions were obtained from various locations in different agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Twenty okra accessions were evaluated between April to August 2018 at Ekiti State University Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State. These twenty okra accessions constituted the treatment, which was lied out in a RCBD in a three replicates. The result were highly significant (p<0.01) for all the traits studied. Magnitude of the phenotypic coefficient of variances were slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variances in this study which showed that environment did not much influence the estimates of genetic performance. The coefficient of phenotypic and genotypic variances were high in the traits studied. Heritability estimates ranges from 75.04% for days to 50% flowering to 98.85% for weight of 100 seeds. High heritability with high genetic advance were observed for all the studied traits indicating that they are governed by additive gene action and this could be improved through simple selection except days to 50% flowering with the lowest heritability value coupled with the lowest genetic advance value lesser than 10%

Analyses of Willingness to Practice Agriculture as Enterprise among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Ibadan, Oyo State

This study investigated willingness to practice agriculture as enterprise among students of tertiary institutions in Oyo State. A Multi-stage sampling technique was used to elicit data from 112 selected respondents in the study area. Data were collected using a well structured questionnaire and analyzed with the use of descriptive (frequency counts, percentages, and mean) and inferential statistic (Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation). The results showed that majority of the respondents were within the age range of 21-25 years, with majority males, whom were single in the study area. Furthermore, results revealed that majority of the respondents had low interest in agricultural enterprise preference and high constraint associated with respondents willingness to engage in agricultural enterprise in the study area. Majority of the respondents had positive willingness to practice agricultural enterprise in the study area. There was significant relationship between selected socio-economic characteristics of the respondents except Gender and Marital status. It is therefore recommended that government should motivate agricultural students by providing Youth Empowerment programmes and services directed to improve their willingness to engage in agricultural enterprises

Modeling of the structural, optoelectronic, thermodynamic, dynamical stability, and the hydrogen storage density of CsSnX3 (X ​= ​O, S, Se and Te) perovskites

Based on density functional theory (DFT) approach, investigations on the structural, thermodynamic, electronic, optoelectronic, phonon, mechanical, and the hydrogen gravimetric storage density of CsSnX3 (X ​= ​O, S, Se and Te) perovskite systems is presented herein. While results of the computed lattice constant values for the investigated perovskite systems increased with an increase in the size of the anion X (X ​= ​O, S, Se, Te), the electronic bandgap values of 1.42, 1.02, 0.64, and 0.40 ​eV is obtained for CsSnO3, CsSnS3, CsSnSe3, and CsSnTe3 respectively. Among the studied systems, CsSnO3 and CsSnS3 are found to be dynamically stable, with CsSnO3 material being the most stable among the studied compounds owing to its frequencies in the real state of the phonon dispersion curve. To study the hydrogen storage properties of the materials in this present study: CsSnO3, CsSnS3, CsSnSe3, and CsSnTe3 the crystal structures have been modified by replacing the heteroatoms (O, S, Se, and Te) with hydrogens which is given as: CsSnO_H4, CsSnS_H4, CsSnSe_H4 and CsSnTe_H4. The gravimetric density (GD) suggests a strong agreement with the calculated band structure and decreases as the amount of band gap becomes enormous, where the CsSnO reveals a highest capacity of 0.74 which decrease as we go from O–Te for two atomic hydrogens. The CsSnTe shows the lowest gravimetric density of 0.526. Also, the formation energies obtained for CsSnO3_H4 estimated to be −31.599 ​kJ ​mol−1 ​has the highest energy however, these was observed to decrease as we go from oxygen to S ​> ​Se ​> ​Te. Moreover, the desorption temperature which is necessary for physical application reveals that the investigated materials are in line with the required range of desorption temperature for practical applications 289 ​K ​°K proposed by US-DOE, which implies that there are no barriers for hydrogen desorption from CsSnX3_H4 compounds. Therefore, it can be deduced that CsSnX3_H4 is a reversible hydrogen storage material. However, CsSnO3_H4 the best desorption temperature, this means that the presence of O atom in the perovskite improves the adsorption energy of interaction between the crystal lattice and the hydrogen molecules and decrease in the order of S ​> ​Se ​> ​Te respectively