Removal of Ibuprofen from aqueous solutions by Ozonation process

AbstractBackground and Aims: Ibuprofen (IBU) is one of the most consumed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) widely used in musculoskeletal and analgesic treatments. This study set out with the aim of assessing the efficiency of conventional ozonation process in a semi-batch plug-flow reactor in order to remove IBU fromaqueous solutions.Materials and Methods: A laboratory scale semi-batch plug-flow ozonation reactor was employed during the present study. Four variables including pH, dosage of ozone, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and initial Ibuprofenconcentration, which might affect the degradation of Ibuprofen, were taken into consideration. The IBU concentration was determined using HPLC.Results: Working under optimal operating conditions (pH = 8, HRT = 60 min, C=5 mg/L and Ozone dose 2/5 g/h), about 59% IBU degradation was noticed. Results also revealed that the degradation of IBU well fitted with the firstorderkinetics.Conclusion: The operating variables of pH, dosage of ozone, initial Ibuprofen concentration, and HRT were optimized using a plug-flow reactor to improve contact between dissolved ozone and the drug. pH and HRT were the most affecting variables. Furthermore, a predictive model allowing us to predict the percentage of IBP degradationas a function of pH and HRT under experimental conditions was obtained.Keywords: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Ibuprofen, Ozonation, Hydraulic retention timeFor downloading the full text please click here

Survey on Potential Sedimentation and Corrosion in Drinking Water Resources of Malekshahi City Using Stability Indexes in 2014

Background and Aims: One of the important factors in controling water quality is potential corrosion and scale-forming. Scaling in pipes can cause sedimentation and reduction of water flow in pipes. As a result, more energy is required for water conveying. Therefore, The aim of this study was evaluation of chemical quality of corrosiveness and scaling of drinking water in Malekshahi water distribution network. Materials and Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012. 144 samples were examined using Langelier (LSI), Rayznr (RSI), Pokurious (PSI) and aggressive (AI) indices to determine the corrosive and scaling potential in drinking water resources of Malekshahi city. Results: The results showed that the Langelier index, Reynar index, aggressive or corrosion index andindex Puckorius were -0.54 (±0.12), 7.63 (±0.19), 11.59 (±0.15) and 6.44 (±0.13) respectively which indicates that most of water supplies don�t tend to scale formation, however tendto mild corrosion. Conclusion:The results showed that drinking water supplies of Malekshahicity were under a mild corrosion situation. Therefore,water quality needs to be controled. Also, water pipelines should be preserved with several modes of corrosion inhibition

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in human milk: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment

Human milk has an important role in infants' psychological and immunological development. In addition to providing vital substances, some environmental contaminants, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs), can be transmitted by human breast milk to infants. However, some studies monitored PTEs concentration in human breast milk; no metanalysis was conducted to estimate the concentration of PTEs in human breast milk. Therefore, this review aimed to determine PTEs concentrations in human breast milk and consumption-related health effects worldwide via meta-analysis and health risk assessment. After searching among Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, 32 studies were included in this work. Based on the results, the rank order of PTEs was Fe (258.44 µg/kg) > Zn (205.16 µg/kg) > Cu (32.29 µg/kg) > Mn (4.30 µg/kg) > Cr (2.62 µg/kg) > Hg (0.44 µg/kg) > As (0.21 µg/kg) > Cd (0.16 µg/kg) > Pb (0.03 µg/kg). Moreover, Egypt, Pakistan, Brazil, Jordan, and Turkey for non-carcinogenic risk (n-CR) and Egypt, Jordan, Brazil, and Romania for carcinogenic risk (CR) have shown unsafe levels, respectively. Since the lactating mothers’ diet can directly affect their milk’s content, monitoring the feeding behavior (especially supplements taken during pregnancy) and the quality of foods is recommended