Electrificación rural fotovoltaico para suministrar energía eléctrica al caserío Paredones, Distrito de Chongoyape 2016

La energía solar en la actualidad es una de las técnicas más limpias de producción de energía y constituyen uno de los métodos más simples que se pueden usar para convertir la energía del sol en energía eléctrica aprovechable especialmente en lugares alejados a las redes convencionales, sin que ésta transformación produzca subproductos peligrosos para el medio ambiente. El presente trabajo muestra el desarrollo de un proyecto para implementar un Sistema que utilice la energía solar, para generar energía eléctrica para el Caserío “Paredones”, del Distrito de Chongoyape, asimismo, se presentan las etapas cálculos y diseño de cómo será desarrollado este proyecto. Inicialmente se lleva a cabo una investigación sobre conversión de la energía solar en electricidad a partir de las centrales térmicas solares y celdas solares. Seguidamente, se analiza el funcionamiento de sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos, sus principales componentes y las recomendaciones que deben tomarse en cuenta a la hora de realizar el dimensionamiento y escoger los equipos. Asimismo, se estima el nivel de radiación solar promedio en la zona de interés, así como el consumo eléctrico diario para conocer los diversos factores que están relacionados con las cargas eléctricas conectadas y disponibles en la institución. Otro punto impórtate es el análisis económico, esto se realizará para determinar la viabilidad y rentabilidad del proyecto, así como el periodo de recuperación del capital invertido

Evaluation of a 5-year programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in Northern Uganda

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is essential in HIV/AIDS control. We analysed 2000-05 data from mother-infant pairs in our PMTCT programme in rural Uganda, examining programme utilization and outcomes, HIV transmission rates and predictors of death or loss to follow-up (LFU). Out of 19,017 women, 1,037 (5.5%) attending antenatal care services tested HIV positive. Of these, 517 (50%) enrolled in the PMTCT programme and gave birth to 567 infants. Before tracing, 303 (53%) mother-infant pairs were LFU. Reasons for dropout were infant death and lack of understanding of importance of follow-up. Risk of death or LFU was higher among infants with no or incomplete intrapartum prophylaxis (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.07-3.36) and of weaning age <6 months (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.42-4.58), and lower in infants with diagnosed acute illness (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16-0.55). Mother-to-child HIV cumulative transmission rate was 8.3%, and 15.5% when HIV-related deaths were considered. Improved tracking of HIV-exposed infants is needed in PMTCT programmes where access to early infant diagnosis is still limited

Electrificación rural fotovoltaico para suministrar energía eléctrica al caserío Paredones, Distrito de Chongoyape 2016

TesisChiclayoEscuela Académico Profesional de Ingeniería Mecánica-EléctricaGeneración, Transmisión y DistribuciónLa energía solar en la actualidad es una de las técnicas más limpias de producción de energía y constituyen uno de los métodos más simples que se pueden usar para convertir la energía del sol en energía eléctrica aprovechable especialmente en lugares alejados a las redes convencionales, sin que ésta transformación produzca subproductos peligrosos para el medio ambiente. El presente trabajo muestra el desarrollo de un proyecto para implementar un Sistema que utilice la energía solar, para generar energía eléctrica para el Caserío “Paredones”, del Distrito de Chongoyape, asimismo, se presentan las etapas cálculos y diseño de cómo será desarrollado este proyecto. Inicialmente se lleva a cabo una investigación sobre conversión de la energía solar en electricidad a partir de las centrales térmicas solares y celdas solares. Seguidamente, se analiza el funcionamiento de sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos, sus principales componentes y las recomendaciones que deben tomarse en cuenta a la hora de realizar el dimensionamiento y escoger los equipos. Asimismo, se estima el nivel de radiación solar promedio en la zona de interés, así como el consumo eléctrico diario para conocer los diversos factores que están relacionados con las cargas eléctricas conectadas y disponibles en la institución. Otro punto impórtate es el análisis económico, esto se realizará para determinar la viabilidad y rentabilidad del proyecto, así como el periodo de recuperación del capital invertido

Maternal and fetal outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus in Mulago Hospital, Uganda

Objective: To determine the maternal and foetal outcomes in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus attending antenatal clinics in Mulago Hospital Kampala Uganda. Design: This was a cohort study. Setting: Mulago Hospital antenatal clinics. Participants: Ninety mothers with gestational ages between 24-32 weeks were recruited from April to September 2001.They were followed up to the time of delivery. The WHO criterion for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes was used. Thirty mothers with a 2 hrs post prandial capillary blood sugar more than 140 mg/dl were the exposed group and 60 mothers with less than 140 mg/ dl were the unexposed group. Blood sugar was measured using a one touch glucometer. Outcome variables: Socio demographic characteristics, maternal complications, mode of delivery and the foetal outcomes. Results: The mean age of mothers in both groups was similar: 28.6 years vs 27.5 years. Both groups had similar body mass index more than 26. The mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were four times more likely to have hypertensive disease(p=0.04) and nine times more likely to have vaginal candidiasis(p=0.002). The modes of delivery were similar in both groups but genital injuries were more common among mothers with GDM. The indications of Caesarian section in mothers with GDM were two times more likely to be due to big babies and obstructed labour. The babies for mothers with GDM were more likely to be macrocosmic, still born, and have shoulder dystocia than those of normal mothers. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus exists in Uganda and is associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. There is need to routinely screen mothers for gestational diabetes in this environment. African Health Sciences 2004; 4(1): 9-1

Maternal and fetal outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus in Mulago Hospital, Uganda

Objective: To determine the maternal and foetal outcomes in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus attending antenatal clinics in Mulago Hospital Kampala Uganda. Design: This was a cohort study. Setting: Mulago Hospital antenatal clinics. Participants: Ninety mothers with gestational ages between 24-32 weeks were recruited from April to September 2001.They were followed up to the time of delivery. The WHO criterion for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes was used. Thirty mothers with a 2 hrs post prandial capillary blood sugar more than 140 mg/dl were the exposed group and 60 mothers with less than 140 mg/ dl were the unexposed group. Blood sugar was measured using a one touch glucometer. Outcome variables: Socio demographic characteristics, maternal complications, mode of delivery and the foetal outcomes. Results: The mean age of mothers in both groups was similar: 28.6 years vs 27.5 years. Both groups had similar body mass index more than 26. The mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were four times more likely to have hypertensive disease(p=0.04) and nine times more likely to have vaginal candidiasis(p=0.002). The modes of delivery were similar in both groups but genital injuries were more common among mothers with GDM. The indications of Caesarian section in mothers with GDM were two times more likely to be due to big babies and obstructed labour. The babies for mothers with GDM were more likely to be macrocosmic, still born, and have shoulder dystocia than those of normal mothers. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus exists in Uganda and is associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. There is need to routinely screen mothers for gestational diabetes in this environment. African Health Sciences 2004; 4(1): 9-1

Sexual practices of women within six months of childbirth in Mulago hospital, Uganda

Objectives: To establish the sexual practices and their associated morbidity among women within 6 months of childbirth in Kampala Uganda. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: The three Mulago hospital child immunization clinics. Participants: Two hundred and seventeen eligible mothers took part in the study from November to December 2001. Outcome measures: Time to resumption of sexual intercourse after childbirth, reasons for resumption and problems associated with it. Methods: Partially coded questionnaires Results: Sexual intercourse was resumed by 66.4% of the women within six months of childbirth. Of these 49.3% did so during the puerperium. The main reasons for early resumption of sexual intercourse were husbands' demands, cultural demands and inherent inability to do without sexual intercourse but not level of education of mothers. Of the mothers who resumed sexual intercourse 22.2% had sexual problems. The problems included vaginal pain (62.5%), discharge (18.8%), bleeding (15.6%) and bruises or tears (3.1%). Perineal or genital damage at the time of delivery was not associated with a delayed resumption of sexual intercourse with (OR1.08, 95% CI 0.51-2.30). Of those who had sexual intercourse and had problems only 59.4% sought medical assistance. The reasons for not resuming sexual intercourse within six months of delivery included advise from health workers (38.4%), husbands were away (21.9%), no interest (21.9%) and not feeling well(17.8%). Conclusion: Most women resumed sexual intercourse within six months of childbirth and had high morbidity. There is need for appropriate postpartum sexual practice advice. (African Health Sciences: 2003 3(3): 117-124

Sexual practices of women within six months of childbirth in Mulago hospital, Uganda

Objectives: To establish the sexual practices and their associated morbidity among women within 6 months of childbirth in Kampala Uganda. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: The three Mulago hospital child immunization clinics. Participants: Two hundred and seventeen eligible mothers took part in the study from November to December 2001. Outcome measures: Time to resumption of sexual intercourse after childbirth, reasons for resumption and problems associated with it. Methods: Partially coded questionnaires Results: Sexual intercourse was resumed by 66.4% of the women within six months of childbirth. Of these 49.3% did so during the puerperium. The main reasons for early resumption of sexual intercourse were husbands' demands, cultural demands and inherent inability to do without sexual intercourse but not level of education of mothers. Of the mothers who resumed sexual intercourse 22.2% had sexual problems. The problems included vaginal pain (62.5%), discharge (18.8%), bleeding (15.6%) and bruises or tears (3.1%). Perineal or genital damage at the time of delivery was not associated with a delayed resumption of sexual intercourse with (OR1.08, 95% CI 0.51-2.30). Of those who had sexual intercourse and had problems only 59.4% sought medical assistance. The reasons for not resuming sexual intercourse within six months of delivery included advise from health workers (38.4%), husbands were away (21.9%), no interest (21.9%) and not feeling well(17.8%). Conclusion: Most women resumed sexual intercourse within six months of childbirth and had high morbidity. There is need for appropriate postpartum sexual practice advice. (African Health Sciences: 2003 3(3): 117-124