Produção de forragem e qualidade de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu com Azospirillum brasilense e fertilizada com nitrogênio.

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Off-axis retrieval of orbital angular momentum of light stored in cold atoms

We report on the storage of orbital angu- lar momentum (OAM) of light of a Laguerre-Gaussian mode in an ensemble of cold cesium atoms and its re- trieval along an axis different from the incident light beam. We employed a time-delayed four-wave mixing configuration to demonstrate that at small angle (2o), after storage, the retrieved beam carries the same OAM as the one encoded in the input beam. A calculation based on mode decomposition of the retrieved beam over the Laguerre-Gaussian basis is in agreement with the experimental observations done at small angle values. However, the calculation shows that the OAM retrieving would get lost at larger angles, reducing the fidelity of such storing-retrieving process. In addition, we have also observed that by applying an external magnetic field to the atomic ensemble the retrieved OAM presents Larmor oscillations, demonstrating the possibility of its manipulation and off-axis retrieval.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Novel techniques in VUV high-resolution spectroscopy

Novel VUV sources and techniques for VUV spectroscopy are reviewed. Laser-based VUV sources have been developed via non-linear upconversion of laser pulses in the nanosecond (ns), the picosecond (ps), and femtosecond (fs) domain, and are applied in high-resolution gas phase spectroscopic studies. While the ns and ps pulsed laser sources, at Fourier-transform limited bandwidths, are used in wavelength scanning spectroscopy, the fs laser source is used in a two-pulse time delayed mode. In addition a Fourier-transform spectrometer for high resolution gas-phase spectroscopic studies in the VUV is described, exhibiting the multiplex advantage to measure many resonances simultaneously.Comment: 17 Pages, 8 figures, Conference proceedings of the VUV/X-ray 2013 at Hefei, Chin

Efeito residual de fertilizantes fosfatados solúveis na recuperação de pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em Neossolo Quartzarênico.

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Efeito residual de fertilizantes fosfatados solúveis na recuperação de pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em Neossolo Quartzarênico.

Dois experimentos foram realizados, por um período de dois anos, para avaliar a resposta de um sistema solo-pastagem a fertilizantes fosfatados de diferentes velocidades de solubilização (superfosfato simples, superfosfato triplo e termofosfato magnesiano) associados ou não à calagem. Não houve diferença em produção de forragem entre as várias fontes de fósforo, quando as adubações fosfatadas foram feitas nos dois anos. A associação de fertilizantes pode ser vantajosa, porque o termofosfato promoveu as maiores produções de forragem quando se suprimiu a adubação fosfatada no segundo ano, enquanto as adubações com superfosfatos resultaram nas maiores produções no primeiro ano. A calagem favoreceu a produção de forragem e proporcionou aumento nos teores de nutrientes e redução do alumínio no solo. A resposta à adubação foi melhor no segundo ano, porque a pastagem estava em recuperação

Dark/Visible Parallel Universes and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

We develop a model for visible matter-dark matter interaction based on the exchange of a massive gray boson called herein the Mulato. Our model hinges on the assumption that all known particles in the visible matter have their counterparts in the dark matter. We postulate six families of particles five of which are dark. This leads to the unavoidable postulation of six parallel worlds, the visible one and five invisible worlds. A close study of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), baryon asymmetries, cosmic microwave background (CMB) bounds, galaxy dynamics, together with the Standard Model assumptions, help us to set a limit on the mass and width of the new gauge boson. Modification of the statistics underlying the kinetic energy distribution of particles during the BBN is also discussed. The changes in reaction rates during the BBN due to a departure from the Debye-Hueckel electron screening model is also investigated.Comment: Invited talk at the Workshops "CompStar: the physics and astrophysics of compact stars", Tahiti, June 4-8, 2012, "New Directions in Nuclear Astrophysics", Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy, June 18-22, 2012, and "Carpathian Summer School of Physics", Sinaia, Romania, June 24 - July 7, 2012. To be published in AIP Proceeding