CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON HETEROSEXUAL TWINS IN CATTLE : III SEX-CHROMOSOME CHIMERISM (XX/XY) IN BONE MARROW SPECIMENS

The sex-chromosome constitution and the incidental rate of the 2A-XX/2A-XY chimerism were studied with colchicine treated bone marrow specimens, collected from three different bones in 3 freemartins and one male calf co-twined with a freemartin. Bone marrow cells in all cases manifested 2A-XX/2A-XY chimerism with varying degrees. But the chimera ratios tended to parallel each specimen in an individual and also with a set of co-twins. In addition, there is a similar tendency in the chimera ratios between bone marrow cells and cultured leukocytes

Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Newest Vital Sign: a preliminary study.

Health literacy (HL) refers to the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services, and is thus needed to make appropriate health decisions. The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) is comprised of 6 questions about an ice cream nutrition label and assesses HL numeracy skills. We developed a Japanese version of the NVS (NVS-J) and evaluated the validity and reliability of the NVS-J in patients with chronic pain. The translation of the original NVS into Japanese was achieved as per the published guidelines. An observational study was subsequently performed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the NVS-J in 43 Japanese patients suffering from chronic pain. Factor analysis with promax rotation, using the Kaiser criterion (eigenvalues ≥1.0), and a scree plot revealed that the main component of the NVS-J consists of three determinative factors, and each factor consists of two NVS-J items. The criterion-related validity of the total NVS-J score was significantly correlated with the total score of Ishikawa et al.'s self-rated HL Questionnaire, the clinical global assessment of comprehensive HL level, cognitive function, and the Brinkman index. In addition, Cronbach's coefficient for the total score of the NVS-J was adequate (alpha = 0.72). This study demonstrated that the NVS-J has good validity and reliability. Further, the NVS-J consists of three determinative factors: "basic numeracy ability," "complex numeracy ability," and "serious-minded ability." These three HL abilities comprise a 3-step hierarchical structure. Adequate HL should be promoted in chronic pain patients to enable coping, improve functioning, and increase activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life (QOL)

Trend test for the male subgroup (VVR-control ratio).

<p>The trend test was significant (p<0.001), and the quartiles were: Total protein (Q1,<6.9; Q2,<7.2; Q3,<7.5; Q4,≥7.5), Albumin (<4.5; <4.7; <4.9; ≥4.9), Hemoglobin (<14.5; <15.1; <15.7; ≥15.7).</p

Multivariate analysis of VVR risk.

<p>Multivariate analysis of VVR risk.</p

Trend test for the female subgroup (VVR-control ratio).

<p>The trend test was significant (p<0.001), and the quartiles were: Total protein (Q1,<6.9; Q2,<7.2; Q3,<7.5; Q4, ≥7.5), Albumin (<4.4; <4.6; <4.8; ≥4.8), Hemoglobin (<12.7; <13.2; <13.7; ≥13.7).</p