Structure and Properties NbN and Nb-Si-N Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

NbN and Nb-Si-N films were deposited by magnetron sputtering the Nb and Si targets on silicon wafers at various bias voltage, Us. The films were investigated by an atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nanoindentation. The deposited films were annealed to establish their thermal stability. The NbN films were nanostructured, and the Nb-Si-N films had a nanocomposite structure, and represented an aggregation of δ-NbNx nanocrystallites embedded into the amorphous Si3N4 tissue (nc-δ-NbNx/a-Si3N4)

Identification maps for selected sky fields with IR/radio sources constructed at the base of CCD observations at the Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory

In July 2002 the CCD unfiltered images of eight sky areas with the IR/radio sources from ICRF 1732+389, 1803+784, 1807+698, 1845+797, 1943+228, 2023+335, 2223–052, and 2229+695 were obtained with the Zeiss-600 telescope of the Andrushivka Observatory. This telescope is equipped with a CCD S1C-017 detector; our observations were carried out in integral light only. The processing of images was implemented by the MIDAS/ROMAFOT software. Coordinates and magnitudes down to B = 21 mag in 3'×3' fields were obtained in the USNO A2.0 system. Identification maps in integral light obtained as the result of the CCD image processing are shown

Power abilities: the structure of development in girls of 12-14 years old

The aim of the study. To determine the structure of the development of power abilities in girls aged 12-14 years. Materials and methods. Girls aged 12 years (n = 20) participated in the study; 13 years (n = 27), 14 years old (n = 30). Factorial analysis performed. Results. It is determined that the most informative in girls of 12-14 years old are the following tests: which characterize the development of dynamic and static strength of muscles of the feet and hands (girls of 12 years old); which characterize the development of static, high-speed strength of leg muscles, static and dynamic strength of the muscles of the abdomen and hands (girls of 13 years old); which characterize the development of the static and dynamic strength of leg muscles, the dynamic strength of the muscle of the hands (girls of 14 years old). Conclusions. Factor analysis allowed to determine informative indicators for controlling the development of power abilities in girls of 12-14 years old. The greatest weight in power preparedness has the relative and static strength of the leg muscles. In the second place, girls of 12-13 years old have the development of muscle strength shoulder girdle. 14 years old girls in second place, have the development of dynamic and static strength of the abdominal muscles and the dynamic strength of muscles of the shoulder girdle. Girls of 12 years old in third place have the development of coordination of movements, the static strength of the shoulder girdle and the dynamic strength of the back muscles. Girls of 13 years in the third place have development of the development of muscle strength of the abdomen. Girls of 14 years in third place have development of high-speed force and coordination of movements

Coordinating abilities: recognition of a state of development of 11-13 years old boys

Purpose: To determine the possibility of recognizing the state of development of coordination abilities in boys 11-13 years old based on the methodology of multidimensional statistics. Materials: The study involved boys: 11 (n = 21), 12 (n = 20), 13 (n = 19) years. It was used 14 tests. Results: In the recognition of the state of development of coordination abilities in boys of 11-13 years old, the most important are the results in the tests: №2 “Standing long jump (cm)” (0.633); №12 “Rhythmic hand tapping” (-0.493); №15 “Tossing a ring over a peg” (-0.347). The enumerated tests characterize speed-power abilities, coordination of movements by hands and spatial precision of throws. In recognition of the state of development of coordination abilities in boys of 12-13 years old, the most important are the results in the tests: №12 “Rhythmic hand tapping” (0.691); №2 “Standing long jump (cm)” (0,387); №1 “30 m running (s)” (-0,356). The enumerated tests characterize the coordination of movements by the hands, speed-strength abilities and speed. Conclusions: Discriminant analysis allowed to determine: informative indicators for the walkthrough of the development of coordination abilities in boys of 11-13 years old; to answer such question as how significantly distinguished the state of development of coordination abilities in boys of 11-13 years old; which motor tests most significantly affect the differentiation of classes; to which class the object belongs to based on the values of discriminant variables

Power abilities: recognition of the level of development in girls aged 12-14 years

The purpose of the study is to determine the possibility of recognizing the state of power abilities development in girls aged 12-14 years based on the methodology of multidimensional statistics. Materials. The study involved girls: 12 (n =21), 13 (n = 20), 14 (n = 19) years old. The study used the following methods: analysis and collation of scientific and methodological literature, general scientific methods of theoretical level, such as analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, as well as general scientific methods of empirical level: observation, testing, experiment. The testing program included well-known tests. Results. In the recognition of the state of power abilities development in girls aged 12-14 years the most important are the results in tests: Pull-Up / Chin Up Test (Rope Climbing), quantity of times (0.877); Squats Test (two legs), quantity of times (0.723); Single Leg Squat (SLS) Test - left leg, quantity of times (-0.567); Pull-Up / Chin Up Test (low crossbar), quantity of times (-0.467). These tests describe the level of muscle strength development of the shoulder girdle and legs. In the recognition of the state of power abilities development in girls aged 13-14 years the most important are the results in tests: Single Leg Squat (SLS) Test - left leg, quantity of times (-0.825); Single Leg Squat (SLS) Test - right leg, quantity of times (0.735); Single Leg Squat (Pistol) - left leg (0.672); Hand tapping test, sec. (0.682). These tests describe the level of development of relative and static strength of the legs. Conclusions. Discriminant analysis allowed to determine informative indicators for cross-control of the development of power abilities in girls aged 12-14 years; answer the question of how significantly the state of development of power abilities in girls of 12, 13 and 14 years is different; which motor tests most significantly affect the differentiation of classes; which class the object belongs to (based on the values of discriminant variables). In order to recognize the level of development of power abilities in girls aged 12-14 years, it is necessary to be guided by the indicators of relative and static strength and strength endurance; at girls of 13 and 14 years – strength endurance

The effect of Al target current on the structure and properties of (Nb2Al)N films with an amorphous AlN phase

Nanocomposite films based on (Nb2Al)N intermetallic nitride have been obtained by the method of magnetron sputtering. Xray diffraction analysis revealed two stable states of the crystalline structure: (i) NbN with low amount (within 5 at %) of dissolved Al in a composition close to (Nb2Al)N and (ii) an amor phous component related to aluminum nitride formed by reactive magnetron sputtering. The substructural characteristics (grain size and microdeformation level) are sensitive to the current via Al target and exhibit correlation with nanohardness and Knoop hardness of the film, which vary within 29–33.5 and 46–48 GPa, respectively

The effect of Al target current on the structure and properties of (Nb2Al)N films with an amorphous AlN phase

Nanocomposite films based on (Nb2Al)N intermetallic nitride have been obtained by the method of magnetron sputtering. Xray diffraction analysis revealed two stable states of the crystalline structure: (i) NbN with low amount (within 5 at %) of dissolved Al in a composition close to (Nb2Al)N and (ii) an amor phous component related to aluminum nitride formed by reactive magnetron sputtering. The substructural characteristics (grain size and microdeformation level) are sensitive to the current via Al target and exhibit correlation with nanohardness and Knoop hardness of the film, which vary within 29–33.5 and 46–48 GPa, respectively

Structure and properties of nanostructured NbN and Nb-Si-N films depending on the conditions of deposition: Experiment and theory

The first results of studying the phase–structural state, properties, sizes of nanograins, hardness, and microstresses in nanocomposite NbN and Nb–Si–N films are given. The investigated films were obtained by the method of the magnetron sputtering of Nb and Si targets onto silicon substrates at different negative potentials at the substrate (from 0 to –70 V), nitrogen pressures PN, and discharge powers at the targets. To determine the thermal stability of the films, they were annealed at 600, 800, and 1000°C in a vacuum.It was revealed for the first time that the NbN films have a twophase nanocomposite structure, which consists of δNbN (NaCl structure type) and α'NbN. The δNbN phase is also formed in Nb–Si–N films, where it is enveloped by an amorphous Si3N4 phase The hardness of the Nb–Si–N films reaches 46 GPa, which cor responds to the level of superhardness, while the hardness of the NbN nanocomposites is somewhat lower, but also very high (34 GPa). The experimental results for the Nb–Si–N films were explained based on the data obtained from the firstprinciples calculations of the NbN/SixNy heterostructures by the molecular dynamics method

Structure and properties of nanocomposite Nb-Al-N films

Nanocomposite Nb–Al–N films prepared by magnetron sputtering have been studied. It has been found that, in the films, there are two stable crystalline structural states, namely, NbNz and B1–Nb1 ⎯ xAlxNyO1 – y, and an amorphouslike component related to aluminum oxynitride upon reactive magnetron sputtering. It has been established that the substructure characteristics are sensitive to the current supplied to an Al target and are related to the Knoop nanohardness and hardness, which change in the ranges of 29–33.5 and 46–48 GPa, respectively. Ab initio calculations for the NbNz and Nb2AlN phases and NbN/AlN heterostructures have been performed to interpret the obtained results for the first time.

Structure and properties of nanocomposite Nb-Al-N films

Nanocomposite Nb–Al–N films prepared by magnetron sputtering have been studied. It has been found that, in the films, there are two stable crystalline structural states, namely, NbNz and B1–Nb1 ⎯ xAlxNyO1 – y, and an amorphouslike component related to aluminum oxynitride upon reactive magnetron sputtering. It has been established that the substructure characteristics are sensitive to the current supplied to an Al target and are related to the Knoop nanohardness and hardness, which change in the ranges of 29–33.5 and 46–48 GPa, respectively. Ab initio calculations for the NbNz and Nb2AlN phases and NbN/AlN heterostructures have been performed to interpret the obtained results for the first time.