433 research outputs found
World population projections, 2020
The world's population, today numbering some 5.5 billion people, may approach 12 billion by the end of the next century. By the year 2020, 26 years from today, it will most likely have increased by about 2.5 billion to a total of 8 billion people, an increase of nearly 100 million a year. Over 93 percent of this growth will take place in the developing countries. Nygaard contends that two regions in particular merit attention. South Asia and Africa, where large percentages of the poor live today and where future food production is of concern, face substantial increases in their populations. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh plus the continent of Africa will add another 1.5 billion people to the population roles.Population forecasting. ,Population Statistics. ,Population growth. ,Africa Economic conditions. ,Asia Economic conditions. ,Bangladesh. ,Pakistan. ,India. ,
Pest management and food production: looking to the future
In their comprehensive paper, Montague Yudelman, Annu Ratta, and David Nygaard examine the key issues with regard to pest management and food production over the coming decades. They draw attention to the lack of adequate information on the magnitude and impact of pest losses; with out such information, policy makers are handicapped when devising strategies for meeting food needs. The authors address both chemical and nonchemical approaches to pest management, high lighting the importance of biotechnology. There is growing public sentiment against biotechnology but little appreciation as yet of its contributions to alleviating hunger by, among other things, controlling pest losses. The authors also adress the important subject of the roles of different actors in pest management, most notably the private sector. A world with out pests is unrealistic and probably undesirable. However, a world with severely reduced losses of food production to pests is achievable by 2020. This paper shows us how.Food crops Diseases and pests Control., Pests Integrated control.,
SUBJECTIVE PRODUCTION FUNCTION PARAMETERS AND RISK: WHEAT PRODUCTION IN TUNISIA
This paper focuses on the problem of decision making when the parameters of the underlying technology are either unknown or are not known with certainty by producers. This problem is considered within the context of Tunisian durum wheat production in Northern Tunisia where farmers ability to accurately perceive the input-output characteristics of both old and new varieties is important to increasing allocative efficiency, decreasing subject risk and encouraging the adoption of high yielding varieties under uncertain climatic conditions.Crop Production/Industries,
The uptake and diffusion of solar power in Africa: socio-cultural and political insights on a rapidly emerging socio-technical transition in developing countries
This special issue focuses on the rapid recent growth of solar PV across various geographies and scales in Africa. Herein we summarise the contributions of the component papers and position them within the context of the literature on sustainable energy access. We argue that there is an urgent need for greater attention to the neglected socio-cultural and political dimensions of sustainable energy access, dimensions that are vital to understand if ambitious global SDG commitments to achieving sustainable energy for all (ever, let alone by 2030) are to be achieved. This special issue includes papers on the: systemic and socio-technical nature of energy access transitions; politics and political economy of energy access; gendered dimensions of energy access; critical STS perspectives on the dominant, technologically determinist framing of energy access and implications for marginalising local actors, and; (for the first time in the energy access literature), application of social practice perspectives on energy access. The result is a diverse range of empirically grounded, theoretically and methodologically novel (in relation to the existing literature) approaches, providing important new insights into how to understand the neglected socio-cultural and political dimensions of sustainable energy access, whilst simultaneously increasing our understanding thereof
Oksymetriscreening av nyfødte - Tidligere diagnostikk av medfødt hjertesykdom
Bakgrunn/emne: Pulsoksymetri av barn i løpet av første levedøgn kan hjelpe til ü avdekke ikke diagnostiserte medfødte hjertesykdommer. Pulsoksymetri er ikke en rutineundersøkelse ved fødeavdelingen ved Ullevül Universitetssykehus. I dette kvalitetsforbedringsprosjektet ville vi innføre pulsoksymetriscreening av nyfødte, med ønske om ü fremskynde diagnostikken av medfødte hjertefeil ved Ullevül sykehus.
Kunnskapsgrunnlaget: Det ble i hovedsak studert artikler i form av prospektive studier og systematiske oversikter. Søkemotorene Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane og Embase ble brukt. Ut fra inklusjonskriteriene ble 5 studier og 2 systematiske oversikter inkludert. Det ble ogsü forsøkt ü søke etter en nasjonal evidensbasert retningslinje for pulsoksymetri screening av nyfødte uten treff, det bekrefter at det inntil videre ikke eksisterer noen nasjonale retningslinjer nür det gjelder pulsoksymetriscreening av nyfødte.
Tiltak og metode: Vi valgte ü beskrive et kvalitetsforbedringsprosjekt som innebar en endring av bestüende retningslinjer, der vi innførte et nytt element; oksymetriscreening i retningslinjene for klinisk undersøkelse av nyfødte. For ü sikre at den nye prosedyren følges skal resultatet av mülingen føres inn i elektronisk pasientjournal (prosessindikator).
Resultatindikatoren vĂĽr er âandelen barn med medfødt hjertesykdom diagnostisert før utskrivelse fra barselavdelingenâ.
Organisering: Vi organiserte prosjektet etter Demnings kvalitetshjul, PDSA- hjulet (Plan, Do, Study og Act), en syklisk kvalitetsendringsmodell som baserer seg pĂĽ samarbeid med ledelse og faggrupper, og evaluering og eventuell korrigering av prosjektet. Basert pĂĽ en algoritme presentert i en artikkel av Meberg et al. laget vi et flytskjema som viste hvordan man skal gĂĽ videre med resultatene fra oksymetriscreeningen.
Resultat og vurdering: Kunnskapsgrunnlaget støtter bruk av oxymetriscreening av nyfødte. Dette vil føre til tidligere diagnostisering av barn med hjertefeil og gi mulighet for tidligere intervensjon. Dette vil gi en stor gevinst for de som er rammet av medfødt hjertefeil. Prosedyren er ikke invasiv og krever lite økonomiske ressurser og ingen ekstra personell.
Det er sannsynelig at den nye retningslinjen vil bli innført ved barselavdelingen ved Ullevül Universitetssykehus
Navigating the Pass: Distance, Dislocation and the Viva
Channon examines the challenges of completing a doctoral degree across different geographical locations and changing job roles. His experience illustrates how logistical challenges involved in carrying out research far removed from the research site, political turmoil and changes in employment status can all necessitate changes in the planned research trajectory. He reflects on an emotional journey, including a particularly challenging viva experience, where he struggled to maintain ownership of his work as a result of distance, dislocation and attempting to heed Introduction 7 conflicting sources of advice. Importantly, Channonâs story brings to light a less-studied phenomenon: the role of faculty feedback, beyond the supervisor, and the effect of such feedback on the research trajectories of doctoral students
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