Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Daun di Kawasan Hutan Larangan Adat Rumbio Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar sebagai Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran pada Konsep Ekosistem Hutan Tropis di SMA Kelas X

This study was conducted to determine the rate of leaf litter decomposition in Forest Areas native Prohibition Rumbio in September 2014 and January 2015. The study was conducted in two phases, phase field research and development of learning modules. Determination of the research station in purposive sample by three research stations as representing the forest community as a whole. At each station gets 15 bags of waste and the waste that is deposited on the forest floor litter bags were collected every interval of 15 days and dried for 75 days in the oven for 48 hours at a temperature of 700C – 750C. Each station measured soil temperature, soil moisture and pH of the soil and the types of trees on a plot measuring 20x20 m. The results showed the rate of leaf litter decomposition in Forest Areas native Prohibition Rumbio for 75 different days in each station, station 1 at a rate of waste decomposition leaf 0.0028 gr/m2/day, station 2 with a blade speed of waste degradation of 0.002 gr/m2/day, and the station 3 with the leaf litter degradation rate of 0.0018 gr/m2/day . The results of this study was developed as the development of learning modules on the concept of tropical forest ecosystems in the High School Class X

Kemampuan Memahami Struktur dan Isi Teks Cerpen Siswa Kelas XI Sman 1 Teluk Kuantan

This study entitled The Ability to Understand Structure and Content of Short Story Text of XI Grade Students at Senior High School 1 Teluk Kuantan. This study aimed to describe the ability to understand the structure of the short story text at XI grade student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan, describes the ability to understand the content of short story text XI grade student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan, and describe is there a significant relationship between the ability to understand the structure and content of the short story text XI grade student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan. The method used is descriptive method with quantitative approach. Data of this study is the result of taking the test (answers) to understand the structure and content of the text that the author given to the sample, such as 144 students of XI grade at SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan. The research results obtained are: (1) ability to determine the structure of the short story text XI grade students at SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan classified as moderate with a value of 81.65%, (2) ability to determine the structure of the text of the short story class XI student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan MIPA classified as moderate with values 78.87%, (3) ability to determine the structure of the text of the short story class XI IPS SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan is high with a value of 84.65%, (4) ability to determine the structure of the text of the short story class XI student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan women classified as moderate with values 80.80%, (5) the ability to determine the structure of the text of the short story class XI student of SMAN 1 male Teluk Kuantan classified as moderate with a value of 83.03%, (6) the ability to determine the intrinsic elements of text short story class XI student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan is high with a value of 88.74%, (7) ability to determine the intrinsic elements of text short story class XI student of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan MIPA is high with a value of 89.44%, (8) ability to determine the intrinsic elements of text short story class XI IPS SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan is high with a value of 87.77%, (9) the ability to determine the intrinsic elements of short story text XI grade students of SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan women is high with a value of 89.58%, (10) the ability to determine the intrinsic elements of text short story class XI student of men SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan is high with a value of 87.39%, (11) the ability to understand the intrinsic elements of short story text XI grade students at SMAN 1 Teluk Kuantan superior to the student's ability to understand the structure of short storiy text

The efficacy and safety of prokinetic agents in critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

BACKGROUND: Intolerance to enteral nutrition is common in critically ill adults, and may result in significant morbidity including ileus, abdominal distension, vomiting and potential aspiration events. Prokinetic agents are prescribed to improve gastric emptying. However, the efficacy and safety of these agents in critically ill patients is not well-defined. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of prokinetic agents in critically ill patients. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception up to January 2016. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of critically ill adults assigned to receive a prokinetic agent or placebo, and that reported relevant clinical outcomes. Two independent reviewers screened potentially eligible articles, selected eligible studies, and abstracted pertinent data. We calculated pooled relative risk (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference for continuous outcomes, with the corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI). We assessed risk of bias using Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the quality of evidence using grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs (enrolling 1341 patients) met our inclusion criteria. Prokinetic agents significantly reduced feeding intolerance (RR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.55, 0.97; P = 0.03; moderate certainty), which translated to 17.3 % (95 % CI 5, 26.8 %) absolute reduction in feeding intolerance. Prokinetics also reduced the risk of developing high gastric residual volumes (RR 0.69; 95 % CI 0.52, 0.91; P = 0.009; moderate quality) and increased the success of post-pyloric feeding tube placement (RR 1.60, 95 % CI 1.17, 2.21; P = 0.004; moderate quality). There was no significant improvement in the risk of vomiting, diarrhea, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay or mortality. Prokinetic agents also did not significantly increase the rate of diarrhea. CONCLUSION: There is moderate-quality evidence that prokinetic agents reduce feeding intolerance in critically ill patients compared to placebo or no intervention. However, the impact on other clinical outcomes such as pneumonia, mortality, and ICU length of stay is unclear

The operational role of remote sensing in forest and landscape management: Focus group discussion proceedings

Remote Sensing has contributed to forest and landscape management. The technology, which includes sensors, processing software and analysis, has been extensively studied and applied. Studies that employed remote sensing have improved understanding of the sites studied. At the strategic level of forest planning, or in general planning for forest resource allocation over a wide area, remote sensing can play an important role in estimating and monitoring forest cover. At the tactical level, however, when planning forest management activities in a specific forested landscape, remote sensing has not yet contributed as much as expected: Methods proved successful under research conditions cannot always be applied to operational management. There is a gap between scientific and operational uses. Recognising this gap, forest management practitioners and scientists gathered for a daylong focus group discussion to examine constraints and understand better what practitioners expected remote sensing to do for them. The following recommendations arose from the group discussions