Melanocortin-4 Receptors (MC4R)

Melanocortin 4 Receptors (MC4R) merupakan turunan senyawa G protein coupled-receptors (GPCRs). MC4R berperan dalam homeostasis energi, fungsi kardiovaskular, dan sistem reproduksi. Gen MC4R ini menyandi sekitar 332 asam amino dan terkespresi pada hipotalamus. MC4R salah satu protein transmembran dengan memiliki tujuh subtipe protein. Melanocortin-pathway berhubungan dengan pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) dalam aktivasi leptin sehingga meningkatkan dan menurunkan nafsu makan. Mutasi yang ditemukan pada MC4R berbanding lurus dengan kejadian obesitas. Mutasi yang terjadi bisa karena munculnya defek pada struktur MC4R, ekspresi pada permukaan membran sel, ikatan dengan ligan dan jalur sinyal. POMC akan mengaktivasi atau inaktivasi MC4R sesuai dengan kebutuhan energi tubuh. MC4R akan berikatan dengan agonis α-MSH atau β-MSH dan antagonis AgRP. Kesimpulannya, pengaturan MC4R dalam tubuh meliputi fungsi kardiovaskular, aktivitas insulin dan sistem reproduksi. Sehingga saat ini menjadi target sebagai terapi antiobesitas

Improved basic life support skills and patient transportation at ambulance drivers in Medan Tuntung and Medan Sunggal area to improve patient safety

The technique of providing basic and quick life support (BHD) and transportation to patients with cardiac and pulmonary arrest can save a patient's life. An ambulance driver as one of the ambulance personnel should be equipped with the two forms of skills above. The aim of community service is to increase the capacity of ambulance drivers in terms of providing basic life support skills and patient transportation to improve patient safety. This training was held in September 2019, at the H. Adam Malik General Hospital Training Center Installation Medan, with 24 participants. The training is carried out with 2 methods, namely exposure to BHD theory and BHD skills training. The knowledge and skills of participants before and after the training were assessed. Pre and post assessment results were analyzed using paired t-test with a significance level of p <0.05 Ambulance drivers in the Medan Tuntung and Medan Sunggal area are mostly over 30 years old, with most working as ambulance drivers for more than 5 years. The most recent level of education is high school graduation or equivalent. The results of statistical analysis using paired t-test, obtained a significant difference in the knowledge of ambulance drivers about basic life support theory before and after training (p = 0.000). Likewise, ambulance driver skills in providing basic life support for adult patients, infants and children were significantly different before and after training (p = 0.000). Training in basic life support skills and patient transportation can increase the capacity of ambulance drivers in providing basic life support.

Polyphenol curcuminoids and prevention of endotoxaemia and low-grade inflammation

Abstract not currently available

PLASMA β-SECRETASE1 (BACE1) LEVELS AS MARKER OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION DECLINE IN ELDERLY

BACE1 which forms amyloid plaques consisting of amyloid β peptides is a typical neuropathological lesion in the brain of Alzheimer's disease. Many studies have shown that β-amyloid is central to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and may play an early role in neurodegenerative disorders. The BACE1 enzyme forms amyloid β plaques. The BACE1 protein is detectable in plasma and its levels are significantly increased in patients with mild cognitive impairment and future Alzheimer's. This Aβ peptide accumulates into senile plaques causing the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, can cause neuronal death and cognitive declin