The impact of recipient demographics on outcomes from living donor kidneys: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and Aims: Recipient demographics affect outcomes after kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess, for kidneys retrieved from living donors, the effect of recipient sex, ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI) on delayed graft function (DGF) and one-year graft function, incidence of acute rejection (AR), and recipient and graft survivals. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched using algorithms through Ovid. Web of Science collection, BIOSIS, CABI, Korean Journal database, Russian Science Citation Index, and SciELO were searched through Web of Science. Cochrane database was also searched. Risk of bias was assessed using the NHBLI tools. Data analysis was performed using Revman 5.4. Mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) were used in analysis. Results: A total of 5129 studies were identified; 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Female recipients were found to have a significantly lower serum creatinine 1-year-post renal transplantation (MD: -0.24 mg/dL 95%CI: -0.18 to -0.29 p 30) was found to have no effect on 1-year recipient (p = 0.28) and graft survival (p = 0.93) compared to non-obese recipients although non-obese recipients had a lower rate of DGF (RR = 0.65 p < 0.01) and AR (RR = 0.81 p < 0.01) compared to obese recipients. Conclusions: Gender mismatch between male recipients and female donors has negative impact on graft survival. African ethnicity and obesity do not to influence recipient and graft survival but negatively affect DGF and AR rates

Considerable enhancement of the critical current in a superconducting film by magnetized magnetic strip

We show that a magnetic strip on top of a superconducting strip magnetized in a specified direction may considerably enhance the critical current in the sample. At fixed magnetization of the magnet we observed diode effect - the value of the critical current depends on the direction of the transport current. We explain these effects by a influence of the nonuniform magnetic field induced by the magnet on the current distribution in the superconducting strip. The experiment on a hybrid Nb/Co structure confirmed the predicted variation of the critical current with a changing value of magnetization and direction of the transport current.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Measurement of the energy resolution and calibration of hybrid pixel detectors with GaAs:Cr sensor and Timepix readout chip

This paper describes an iterative method of per-pixel energy calibration of hybrid pixel detectors with GaAs:Cr sensor and Timepix readout chip. A convolution of precisely measured spectra of characteristic X-rays of different metals with the resolution and the efficiency of the pixel detector is used for the calibration. The energy resolution of the detector is also measured during the calibration. The use of per-pixel calibration allows to achieve a good energy resolution of the Timepix detector with GaAs:Cr sensor: 8% and 13% at 60 keV and 20 keV, respectively

Interacting circular nanomagnets

Regular 2D rectangular lattices of permalloy nanoparticles (40 nm in diameter) were prepared by the method of the electron lithography. The magnetization curves were studied by Hall magnetometry with the compensation technique for different external field orientations at 4.2K and 77K. The shape of hysteresis curves indicates that there is magnetostatic interaction between the particles. The main peculiarity is the existence of remanent magnetization perpendicular to easy plain. By numerical simulation it is shown, that the character of the magnetization reversal is a result of the interplay of the interparticle interaction and the magnetization distribution within the particles (vortex or uniform).Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Optical conductivity and penetration depth in MgB2

The complex conductivity of a MgB2 film has been investigated in the frequency range 4 cm^{-1}< nu < 30 cm^{-1} and for temperatures 2.7 K < T <300 K. The overall temperature dependence of both components of the complex conductivity is reminiscent of BCS-type behavior, although a detailed analysis reveals a number of discrepancies. No characteristic feature of the isotropic BCS gap temperature evolution is observed in the conductivity spectra in the superconducting state. A peak in the temperature dependence of the real part of the conductivity is detected for frequencies below 9 cm^{-1}. The superconducting penetration depth follows a T^2 behavior at low temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

A Plasma Reactor for the Synthesis of High-Temperature Materials: Electro Thermal, Processing and Service Life Characteristics

The three-jet direct-flow plasma reactor with a channel diameter of 0.054 m was studied in terms of service life, thermal, technical, and functional capabilities. It was established that the near-optimal combination of thermal efficiency, required specific enthalpy of the plasma-forming gas and its mass flow rate is achieved at a reactor power of 150 kW. The bulk temperature of plasma flow over the rector of 12 gauges long varies within 5500±3200 K and the wall temperature within 1900±850 K, when a cylinder from zirconium dioxide of 0.005 m thick is used to thermally insulate the reactor. The specific electric power reaches a high of 1214 MW/m{3}. The rated service life of electrodes is 4700 hours for a copper anode and 111 hours for a tungsten cathode. The projected contamination of carbides and borides with elec-trode-erosion products doesn't exceed 0.0001% of copper and 0.00002% of tungsten

ДИНАМИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ БЕЛКОВОГО ОБМЕНА У КОРОВ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕПРАТА ВЕТОМ 1 НА ОСНОВЕ АПАТОГЕНЫХ БАЦИЛЛ

The researchers investigated the effect of new probiotic Vetom 1 based on apathogenic bacilli on the biochemical parameters of blood serum, exactly protein, albumins and urea in lactating cows. The experiment was carried out at OOO “Uchkhoz Tulinskoe”. According to the principle of pair-analogues, the researchers arranged a control group and two experimental groups of cows; each group contained 7 cows. The cows of the 1st experimental group were fed with probiotic Vetom 1 dosed 50 mg/kg once a day in the morning before milking; They received Vetom 1 every day during 5 days, then in a day during a month. The cows from the 2nd experimental group received probiotic Vetom 1 dosed 50 mg/kg once a day in the morning before milking, every day during 30 days. The application of the specimen contributed to a decrease in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum within the physiological norm. The aftereffect caused by Vetom 1 when the specimen was applied 5 days every day, then in a day during a month, the authors observed an increase in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum above the physiological standard on the 180 day of application. The similar effect was not observed when Vetom 1 was applied daily. When using Vetom 1, the authors observed a slight increase in the concentration of albumins in the blood serum, both during the period of application and up to 180 days. The specimen contributes to less prominent increase in the concentration of urea in the blood serum in comparison with the control group. Changes in concentrations of albumins and urea occurred within the physiological norm.Изучалось действие нового пробиотического препарата Ветом 1 на основе апатогенных бацилл на биохимические показатели сыворотки крови, а именно белка, альбуминов и мочевины, у лактирующих коров. Опыт проводили в ООО «Учхоз Тулинское». По принципу пар-аналогов были сформированы одна контрольная и две опытные группы коров, в каждой по 7 животных. Коровам 1-й опытной группы задавали пробиотический препарат Ветом 1 в дозе 50 мг/кг раз в сутки, утром перед дойкой, 5 суток ежедневно, затем через сутки в течение месяца. Коровам 2-й опытной группы применяли пробиотический препарат Ветом 1 в дозе 50 мг/кг раз в сутки, утром перед дойкой, ежедневно в течение месяца. При применении изучаемого препарата происходило понижение концентрации общего белка в сыворотке крови в пределах физиологической нормы. В период последействия при применении Ветома 1 после 5 суток ежедневно, затем через сутки в течение месяца на 180-е сутки после начала применения препарата регистрировали повышение концентрации общего белка в сыворотке крови выше физиологической нормы. При применении Ветома 1 ежедневно аналогичный эффект не наблюдали. Отмечали лишь незначительное повышение концентрации альбуминов в сыворотке крови как в период применения, так и до 180-х суток после начала применения препарата. При применении изучаемого препарата происходит менее выраженное повышение концентрации мочевины в сыворотке крови относительно аналогов из контрольной группы. Изменение концентраций альбуминов и мочевины происходило в пределах физиологической нормы

The OPERA experiment Target Tracker

The main task of the Target Tracker detector of the long baseline neutrino oscillation OPERA experiment is to locate in which of the target elementary constituents, the lead/emulsion bricks, the neutrino interactions have occurred and also to give calorimetric information about each event. The technology used consists in walls of two planes of plastic scintillator strips, one per transverse direction. Wavelength shifting fibres collect the light signal emitted by the scintillator strips and guide it to both ends where it is read by multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. All the elements used in the construction of this detector and its main characteristics are described.Comment: 25 pages, submitted to Nuclear Instrument and Method